Aneurysm

Changed by Daniel J Bell, 19 Feb 2021

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Aneurysms are focal abnormal dilatation of a blood vessel. They typically occur in arteries, venous aneurysms are rare. Aneurysms may also occur in the heart.

Pathology

Pathological types

true aneurysm
false aneurysm (or pseudoaneurysm)

CausesAetiology

Atherosclerotic

atherosclerosis

Non-atherosclerotic

congenital
hypertension
vasculitis
- fibromuscular dysplasia
- infection: mycotic aneurysm, syphilis (luetic aneurysm)
hereditary connective tissue disorders
- Marfan syndrome
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
trauma
iatrogenic
myocardial infarction: may cause left a ventricular aneurysm
flow ~~related~~-related (in cerebral AVM, contralateral ICA occlusion etc.)

Morphology

Morphologically there are two main types of aneurysms. The morphology is not specific for any cause:

saccular aneurysm: eccentric, involving only a portion of the circumference of the vessel wall (e.g. ~~("Berry"~~cerebral berry aneurysm).
fusiform aneurysm: concentric, involving full circumference of the vessel wall

Occasionally a 3^rd type, serpentine aneurysm has been classified as a separate entity ³.

Treatment and prognosis

Complications

rupture
distal thromboembolism
pressure effects

~~-</ol><h5>Causes</h5><p>Atherosclerotic</p><ul><li><a href="/articles/arteriosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a></li></ul><p>Non-atherosclerotic</p><ul>~~
~~-<li>congenital</li>~~
+</ol><h5>Aetiology</h5><p>Atherosclerotic</p><ul><li><a href="/articles/arteriosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a></li></ul><p>Non-atherosclerotic</p><ul>
+<li><a title="congenital aneurysm" href="/articles/congenital-aneurysm">congenital</a></li>
~~-<li>hereditary connective tissue disorders<ul>~~
+<li>
+<a title="Hereditary connective tissue disorders" href="/articles/hereditary-connective-tissue-disease">hereditary connective tissue disorders</a><ul>
+<li><a title="Arterial tortuosity syndrome" href="/articles/arterial-tortuosity-syndrome">arterial tortuosity syndrome</a></li>
~~-<li>myocardial infarction: may cause left a ventricular aneurysm</li>~~
~~-<li>flow related (in cerebral AVM, contralateral ICA occlusion etc)</li>~~
+<li>
+<a title="Myocardial infarction" href="/articles/myocardial-infarction">myocardial infarction</a>: may cause left a ventricular aneurysm</li>
+<li>flow-related (in cerebral AVM, contralateral ICA occlusion etc.)</li>
~~-<strong>saccular aneurysm</strong>: eccentric, involving only a portion of the circumference of the vessel wall. ("Berry" aneurysm).</li>~~
+<strong>saccular aneurysm</strong>: eccentric, involving only a portion of the circumference of the vessel wall (e.g. <a title="Berry aneurysm" href="/articles/berry-aneurysm">cerebral berry aneurysm</a>)</li>
-</ol><p>Occasionally a 3<sup>rd</sup> type, <strong><a href="/articles/serpentine-aneurysm">serpentine aneurysm</a></strong> has been classified as a separate entity <sup>3</sup>.</p><h5>Complications</h5><ul>
+</ol><p>Occasionally a 3<sup>rd</sup> type, <a href="/articles/serpentine-aneurysm">serpentine aneurysm</a> has been classified as a separate entity <sup>3</sup>.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><h5>Complications</h5><ul>

Sections changed:

Pathology

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