Aneurysm
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- updated 19 Dec 2022:
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Aneurysms are focal abnormal dilatation of a blood vessel. They typically occur in arteries; venous aneurysms are rare. Aneurysms may also occur in the heart.
Pathology
Pathological types
- true aneurysm
- false aneurysm (or pseudoaneurysm)
Aetiology
Atherosclerotic
Non-atherosclerotic
- congenital
- hypertension
-
vasculitis
- fibromuscular dysplasia
- infection: mycotic aneurysm, syphilis (luetic aneurysm)
- hereditary connective tissue disorders
- trauma
- iatrogenic
- myocardial infarction: may cause left a ventricular aneurysm
- flow-related (in cerebral AVM, contralateral ICA occlusion, etc.)
Morphology
Morphologically there are two main types of aneurysms. The morphology is not specific for any cause:
- saccular aneurysm: eccentric, involving only a portion of the circumference of the vessel wall (e.g. cerebral berry aneurysm)
- fusiform aneurysm: concentric, involving the full circumference of the vessel wall
Occasionally a 3rd type, serpentine aneurysm has been classified as a separate entity 3.
Treatment and prognosis
Complications
- rupture
- distal thromboembolism
- pressure effects
History and etymology
The word aneurysm traces its roots back to ancient Greek, specifically the word ἀνεύρυσμα (aneurysma), literally translating as an 'aperture'. It is itself a compound construction, derived from two roots, 'ἄνω-' (ano) meaning 'up' and 'εὐρύς-' (eurys), meaning 'wide' 4,5.
See also
-<p><strong>Aneurysms</strong> are focal abnormal dilatation of a blood vessel. They typically occur in arteries; venous aneurysms are rare. Aneurysms may also occur in the heart.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><h5>Pathological types</h5><ol>-<li><a href="/articles/true-aneurysm">true aneurysm</a></li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/false-aneurysm">false aneurysm </a>(or pseudoaneurysm)</li>-</ol><h5>Aetiology</h5><p>Atherosclerotic</p><ul><li><a href="/articles/arteriosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a></li></ul><p>Non-atherosclerotic</p><ul>-<li><a href="/articles/congenital-aneurysm">congenital</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/systemic-hypertension">hypertension </a></li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/vasculitis">vasculitis </a><ul>-<li><a href="/articles/fibromuscular-dysplasia-1">fibromuscular dysplasia</a></li>-<li>infection: <a href="/articles/mycotic-aneurysm">mycotic aneurysm</a>, syphilis (<a href="/articles/luetic-aneurysm">luetic aneurysm</a>)</li>-</ul>-</li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/hereditary-connective-tissue-disease">hereditary connective tissue disorders</a><ul>-<li><a href="/articles/marfan-syndrome">Marfan syndrome</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/ehlers-danlos-syndrome-2">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/arterial-tortuosity-syndrome">arterial tortuosity syndrome</a></li>-</ul>-</li>-<li>trauma</li>-<li>iatrogenic</li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/myocardial-infarction">myocardial infarction</a>: may cause left a ventricular aneurysm</li>-<li>flow-related (in cerebral AVM, contralateral ICA occlusion, etc.)</li>-</ul><h5>Morphology</h5><p>Morphologically there are two main types of aneurysms. The morphology is not specific for any cause:</p><ol>-<li>-<strong>saccular aneurysm</strong>: eccentric, involving only a portion of the circumference of the vessel wall (e.g. <a href="/articles/berry-aneurysm">cerebral berry aneurysm</a>)</li>-<li>-<strong>fusiform aneurysm</strong>: concentric, involving the full circumference of the vessel wall</li>-</ol><p>Occasionally a 3<sup>rd</sup> type, <a href="/articles/serpentine-aneurysm">serpentine aneurysm</a> has been classified as a separate entity <sup>3</sup>.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><h5>Complications</h5><ul>-<li>rupture</li>-<li>distal thromboembolism</li>-<li>pressure effects</li>-</ul><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>The word aneurysm traces its roots back to ancient Greek, specifically the word <em>ἀνεύρυσμα</em> (aneurysma), literally translating as an 'aperture'. It is itself a compound construction, derived from two roots, '<em>ἄνω-</em>' (ano) meaning 'up' and '<em>εὐρύς-'</em> (eurys), meaning 'wide' <sup>4,5</sup>.</p><h4>See also</h4><ul>-<li><a href="/articles/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm">thoracic aortic aneurysm</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm">abdominal aortic aneurysm</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/popliteal-artery-aneurysm">popliteal artery aneurysm</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/saccular-cerebral-aneurysm">cerebral berry aneurysm</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/coronary-artery-aneurysm">coronary artery aneurysm</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/splenic-artery-aneurysm">splenic artery aneurysm</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/coeliac-artery-aneurysm">coeliac artery aneurysm</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/mycotic-aneurysm">mycotic aneurysm</a></li>- +<p><strong>Aneurysms</strong> are focal abnormal dilatation of a blood vessel. They typically occur in arteries; venous aneurysms are rare. Aneurysms may also occur in the heart.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><h5>Pathological types</h5><ol>
- +<li><a href="/articles/true-aneurysm">true aneurysm</a></li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/false-aneurysm">false aneurysm </a>(or pseudoaneurysm)</li>
- +</ol><h5>Aetiology</h5><p>Atherosclerotic</p><ul><li><a href="/articles/arteriosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a></li></ul><p>Non-atherosclerotic</p><ul>
- +<li><a href="/articles/congenital-aneurysm">congenital</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/systemic-hypertension">hypertension </a></li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/vasculitis">vasculitis </a><ul>
- +<li><a href="/articles/fibromuscular-dysplasia-1">fibromuscular dysplasia</a></li>
- +<li>infection: <a href="/articles/mycotic-aneurysm">mycotic aneurysm</a>, syphilis (<a href="/articles/luetic-aneurysm">luetic aneurysm</a>)</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/hereditary-connective-tissue-disease">hereditary connective tissue disorders</a><ul>
- +<li><a href="/articles/marfan-syndrome">Marfan syndrome</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/ehlers-danlos-syndrome-2">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/arterial-tortuosity-syndrome">arterial tortuosity syndrome</a></li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>trauma</li>
- +<li>iatrogenic</li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/myocardial-infarction">myocardial infarction</a>: may cause left a ventricular aneurysm</li>
- +<li>flow-related (in cerebral AVM, contralateral ICA occlusion, etc.)</li>
- +</ul><h5>Morphology</h5><p>Morphologically there are two main types of aneurysms. The morphology is not specific for any cause:</p><ol>
- +<li>
- +<strong>saccular aneurysm</strong>: eccentric, involving only a portion of the circumference of the vessel wall (e.g. <a href="/articles/berry-aneurysm">cerebral berry aneurysm</a>)</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>fusiform aneurysm</strong>: concentric, involving the full circumference of the vessel wall</li>
- +</ol><p>Occasionally a 3<sup>rd</sup> type, <a href="/articles/serpentine-aneurysm">serpentine aneurysm</a> has been classified as a separate entity <sup>3</sup>.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><h5>Complications</h5><ul>
- +<li>rupture</li>
- +<li>distal thromboembolism</li>
- +<li>pressure effects</li>
- +</ul><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>The word aneurysm traces its roots back to ancient Greek, specifically the word <em>ἀνεύρυσμα</em> (aneurysma), literally translating as an 'aperture'. It is itself a compound construction, derived from two roots, '<em>ἄνω-</em>' (ano) meaning 'up' and '<em>εὐρύς-'</em> (eurys), meaning 'wide' <sup>4,5</sup>.</p><h4>See also</h4><ul>
- +<li><a href="/articles/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm">thoracic aortic aneurysm</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm">abdominal aortic aneurysm</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/popliteal-artery-aneurysm">popliteal artery aneurysm</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/saccular-cerebral-aneurysm">cerebral berry aneurysm</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/coronary-artery-aneurysm">coronary artery aneurysm</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/splenic-artery-aneurysm">splenic artery aneurysm</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/coeliac-artery-aneurysm">coeliac artery aneurysm</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/mycotic-aneurysm">mycotic aneurysm</a></li>
Images Changes:
Image 16 CT (C+ arterial phase) ( create )
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Case 15: saphenous vein graft aneurysm
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