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Anterior intercostal arteries

Dr Edward Ganly and Dr Craig Hacking ◉ ◈ et al.

The intercostal spaces are supplied by pairs of posterior and anterior intercostal arteries.

Gross Anatomy

The 1^st to 6^th anterior intercostal arteries arise directly from the lateral aspect of the internal thoracic artery. The 7^th to 9^th arise from the musculophrenic artery, a branch of the internal thoracic artery.

In each intercostal space, the anterior intercostal artery divides into paired branches:

the larger (main) branch courses laterally in the upper aspect of their respective intercostal space between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles, below the intercostal vein and above the intercostal nerve (mnemonic "VAN"), protected by the costal groove of the rib above.
the smaller (collateral) branch descends into the lower aspect of their respective intercostal space and courses laterally between the internal and innermost intercostal arteries. Here they are not offered protection by the rib above.

In the 2 most inferior intercostal spaces (10^th and 11^th spaces), the anterior intercostal artery is absent, with the posterior intercostal artery supplying each space solely.

Branches

As these arteries course laterally within the intercostal spaces, they give off a variable number of small perforating cutaneous branches. In the lateral aspect of the thoracic wall, the artery anastomoses with branches of the posterior intercostal artery.

Supply

Along with the posterior intercostal arteries, the anterior intercostal arteries supply the muscles and skin within the intercostal spaces as well as the parietal pleura.

References

Anatomy: Thoracic

thoracic skeleton
- thoracic cage
  - ribs
    - typical ribs
    - atypical ribs
    - variant anatomy
      - bifid ribs
      - Srb anomaly
  - costal cartilage
  - sternum
- thoracic spine
- articulations
muscles of the thorax
spaces of the thorax
thoracic viscera
blood supply of the thorax
- arteries
  - thoracic aorta (development)
  - pulmonary trunk
    - left pulmonary artery
      - aberrant left pulmonary artery
    - right pulmonary artery
- veins
  - superior vena cava (cavoatrial junction)
  - inferior vena cava
  - coronary veins
    - cardiac veins which drain into the coronary sinus
      - great cardiac vein
      - middle cardiac vein
      - small cardiac vein
      - posterior vein of the left ventricle
      - vein of Marshall (oblique vein of the left atrium)
    - anterior cardiac veins
    - venae cordis minimae (smallest cardiac veins or thebesian veins)
  - pulmonary veins
    - bronchial veins
lymphatics
innervation of the thorax

Article information

rID: 55381

System: Vascular

Section: Anatomy

Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:

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Cases and figures

Figure 1: intercostal spaceFigure 1: intercostal space

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