Breast cancer (staging)
Breast cancer staging uses the TNM staging system and then into stage groupings.
On this page:
Classification
TNM staging
Primary tumor (T)
- Tx: primary tumor cannot be assessed
- T0: no evidence of primary tumor
- Tis: carcinoma in situ
-
T1
- T1a: 0.1-0.5 cm
- T1b: 0.5-1.0 cm
- T1c: 1.0- 2.0 cm
- T2: 2-5 cm
- T3: >5 cm
-
T4: any size
- T4a: chest wall fixation no edema
- T4b: edema (peau d'orange change) or satellite skin nodules
- T4c: T4a and T4b
- T4d: inflammatory breast cancer
Nodal status (N)
- Nx: nodes cannot be assessed
- N0: no evidence of nodal involvement
- N1: mobile axillary lymph nodes
- N2: fixed/matted axillary lymph nodes or ipsilateral internal mammary artery lymph nodes
- N3: (a) infraclavicular (b) ipsilateral IMA and axilla (c) supraclavicular
Metastases (M)
- Mx: presence of metastases cannot be assessed
- M0: no evidence of metastases
- M1: distant metastases present
AJCC stage groupings
-
stage 0
- Tis, N0, M0
-
stage I
- T1, N0, M0
-
stage IIA
- T0, N1, M0
- T1, N1, M0
- T2, N0, M0
-
stage IIB
- T2, N1, M0
- T3, N0, M0
-
stage IIIA
- T0-2, N2, M0
- T3, N1-2, M0
-
stage IIIB
- T4, N0-2, M0
-
stage IIIC
- T0-4, N3, M0
-
stage IV
- T0-4, N0-3, M1
Treatment and prognosis:
Estimated five year survival rates:
- stage I: ~87%
- stage II: ~75%
- stage III: ~46%
- stage IV: ~13%
See also
Related Radiopaedia articles
Breast imaging and pathology
- breast screening
-
mammography
- breast imaging and the technologist
- forbidden (check) areas in mammography
-
mammography views
- craniocaudal view
- mediolateral oblique view
- additional (supplementary) views
- true lateral view
- lateromedial oblique view
- late mediolateral view
- step oblique views
- spot view
- double spot compression view
- magnification view
- exaggerated craniocaudal (axillary) view
- cleavage view
- tangential views
- caudocranial view
- bullseye CC view
- rolled CC view
- elevated craniocaudal projection
- caudal cranial projection
- 20° oblique projection
- inferomedial superolateral oblique projection
- Eklund technique
- normal breast imaging examples
- digital breast tomosynthesis
- breast ultrasound
- breast ductography
- breast MRI
- breast morphology
- breast pathology
- malignant lesions
-
breast cancer
- breast adenocacrinoma
- ductal breast carcinoma
- ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
- invasive ductal carcinoma
- lobular breast carcinoma
- ductal breast carcinoma
- adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast
- apocrine carcinoma of the breast
- breast cancer metastases
- breast lymphoma
- breast sarcoma
- inflammatory carcinoma of breast
- intracystic breast cancer
- male breast cancer
- malignant phyllodes tumor
- metastases to the breast
- metaplastic carcinoma the breast
- gamuts
- breast adenocacrinoma
-
breast cancer
- borderline breast disease / high risk breast lesion
- benign lesions
- adenosis of the breast
- benign papillary lesions of the breast
- breast cyst
- breast hematoma
- breast hamartoma
- breast lipoma
- ductal adenoma of the breast
- epidermal inclusion cysts of the breast
- fat necrosis of the breast
- fibroadenoma
- granular cell tumor of the breast
- gynaecomastia
- lymphocytic mastitis
- mammary fibromatosis
- oil cyst
- phyllodes tumor
- post-surgical breast scar
- post-traumatic fibrosis
- pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH)
- pseudogynaecomastia
- tubular adenoma
-
breast calcifications (approach)
- morphology
- distribution
- location
- lobular calcification within breast tissue
- intraductal calcification within breast tissue
- milk of calcium within a breast cyst
- vascular calcification in breast tissue
- skin (dermal) calcification in / around breast tissue
- suture calcification within breast tissue
- stromal calcification within breast tissue
- artifactual calcification from outside the breast
- suspicious breast calcifications
- infection/inflammation
- vascular lesions
- systemic disease
- gamuts
- classification systems
- malignant lesions
- breast cancer staging