Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Kumar N N, Knipe H, Bell D, et al. Cauldwell classification. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 29 Mar 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-100288
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Henry Knipe had the following disclosures:
- Integral Diagnostics, Shareholder (ongoing)
- Micro-X Ltd, Shareholder (ongoing)
These were assessed during peer review and were determined to
not be relevant to the changes that were made.
View Henry Knipe's current disclosures
Cauldwell classification is a commonly used classification 4 in assessing bronchial artery branching patterns.
The bronchial artery branching pattern is classified into four types based on the number of intercostobronchial trunks (ICBT) - that give rise to the right bronchial artery and posterior intercostal artery - and bronchial arteries 2:
type l : one right ICBT, two left bronchial arteries
type ll : one right ICBT, one left bronchial artery
type lll : two right (ICBT and right bronchial artery), two left bronchial arteries
type lV : two right (ICBT and right bronchial artery), one left bronchial artery
History and etymology
Bronchial artery anatomy was studied by an American pathologist Earl W Cauldwell (1916-1959) 3 on human cadavers and published in 1948 1.
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1. Cauldwell E & Siekert R. The Bronchial Arteries; an Anatomic Study of 150 Human Cadavers. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1948;86(4):395-412. - Pubmed
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2. Yener Ö, Türkvatan A, Yüce G, Yener A. The Normal Anatomy and Variations of the Bronchial Arteries: Evaluation with Multidetector Computed Tomography. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2015;66(1):44-52. doi:10.1016/j.carj.2014.07.001 - Pubmed
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3. Earl W. Cauldwell 1916–1959. Am J Clin Pathol. 1960;33(6):533.1-533. doi:10.1093/ajcp/33.6.533
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4. Esparza-Hernández C, Ramírez-González J, Cuéllar-Lozano R et al. Morphological Analysis of Bronchial Arteries and Variants with Computed Tomography Angiography. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:9785896. doi:10.1155/2017/9785896 - Pubmed
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