Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
At the time the article was created Maxime St-Amant had no recorded disclosures.
View Maxime St-Amant's current disclosuresAt the time the article was last revised Jeremy Jones had no recorded disclosures.
View Jeremy Jones's current disclosures- Ciliated liver foregut cyst
Ciliated hepatic foregut cysts are a very rare type of hepatic cyst, with non-specific radiological features. They are usually benign, but rare cases of malignant degeneration (to squamous cell carcinoma) have also been reported.
On this page:
Epidemiology
They are more often seen in adults, although a few cases have been described in children (approximately ten cases) 5.
Pathology
Histologically, they are similar to a bronchogenic cyst.
They are composed of four layers including a ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, a smooth muscle layer, a subepithelial connective tissue layer and an external fibrous capsule 5.
Radiographic features
They are usually solitary, non-enhancing, unilocular, smaller than 3 cm and subcapsular in location 2. They often involve the segment IV of the liver.
CT
They have a variable density, which ranges from hypodense (cystic) to isodense, to hyperdense (soft tissue density) on NECT 3.
MRI
Fluid-fluid levels are often seen, and the signal on MRI depends on its content (more fluid or proteinaceous).
- T1: variable signal from hypo-, iso-, to hyperintense, depending on the content of the cyst
- T2: predominantly hyperintense
- T1 C+: non-enhancing
Differential diagnosis
Imaging differential considerations include:
References
- 1. Sharma S, Dean AG, Corn A et-al. Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst: an increasingly diagnosed condition. HBPD INT. 2009;7 (6): 581-9. Pubmed citation
- 2. Jakowski JD, Lucas JG, Seth S et-al. Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst: a rare but increasingly reported liver cyst. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2005;8 (6): 342-6. Pubmed citation
- 3. Kadoya M, Matsui O, Nakanuma Y et-al. Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst: radiologic features. Radiology. 1990;175 (2): 475-7. Pubmed citation
- 4. Wilson JM, Groeschl R, George B et-al. Ciliated hepatic cyst leading to squamous cell carcinoma of the liver - A case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2013;4 (11): 972-5. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2013.07.030 - Free text at pubmed - Pubmed citation
- 5. Khoddami M, Kazemi Aghdam M, Alvandimanesh A. Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst: two case reports in children and review of the literature. Case Rep Med. 2013;2013: 372017. doi:10.1155/2013/372017 - Pubmed citation
- 6. Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Corral JL, Manzarbeitia F. Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst: two further cases with an immunohistochemical analysis. Hepatogastroenterology. 2012;59 (116): 1260-2. Pubmed citation
Incoming Links
Related articles: Pathology: Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary
- liver
- depositional disorders
- infection and inflammation
- liver abscess
- hepatic hydatid infection
- cirrhosis
- hepatitis
- cholecystitis
- cholangitis
- malignancy
- liver and intrahepatic bile duct tumors
- benign epithelial tumors
- hepatocellular hyperplasia
- hepatocellular adenoma
- hepatic/biliary cysts
- benign nonepithelial tumors
- primary malignant epithelial tumors
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- hepatocellular carcinoma variants
-
cholangiocarcinoma
- intra-hepatic
- mass-forming type
- periductal infiltrating type - Klatskin tumors
- intraductal growing type
- extra-hepatic/large duct type
- intra-hepatic
- biliary cystadenocarcinoma
- combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma
- hepatoblastoma
- undifferentiated carcinoma
- primary malignant nonepithelial tumors
- hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors
- primary hepatic lymphoma
- hepatic myeloid sarcoma (hepatic chloroma)
- secondary tumors
- miscellaneous
- adrenal rest tumors
- hepatic carcinosarcoma
- hepatic fibroma
- hepatic hemangioma
- hepatic Kaposi sarcoma
- hepatic lipoma
- hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma
- hepatic myxoma
- hepatic rhabdoid tumor
- hepatic solitary fibrous tumor
- hepatic teratoma
- hepatic yolk sac tumor
- inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (inflammatory pseudotumor)
- nodular regenerative hyperplasia
- pancreatic rest tumors
- primary hepatic carcinoid
- benign epithelial tumors
- liver and intrahepatic bile duct tumors
- metabolic
- trauma
-
vascular and perfusion disorders
- portal vein related
- hepatic artery related
- hepatic veins related
- inferior vena cava related
- other
- third inflow
- liver thrombotic angiitis
- infra diaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)
- hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease)
- pancreas
-
pancreatic neoplasms
- cystic neoplasm (cystic pancreatic mass differential diagnosis)
- solid neoplasm
- non-epithelial pancreatic neoplasms
- others
- simple pancreatic cyst
-
pancreatitis (mnemonic for the causes)
- acute pancreatitis
- chronic pancreatitis
- Ascaris-induced pancreatitis
- tropical pancreatitis
- autoimmune pancreatitis
- emphysematous pancreatitis
- hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis
- hereditary pancreatitis
- pancreatitis associated with cystic fibrosis
- pancreaticopleural fistula
- segmental pancreatitis
- pancreatic atrophy
- pancreatic lipomatosis
- pancreatic trauma
- pancreatic transplant
-
pancreatic neoplasms
- gallbladder and biliary
- congenital malformations and anatomical variants
- gallstones
- gallbladder inflammation
- bile ducts inflammation
- gallbladder wall abnormalities
- other gallbladder abnormalities
- bile duct dilatation (differential)
- bile duct wall thickening (differential)
- bile ducts neoplasms