Colorectal cancer (staging)
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There are two main staging schemes used in colorectal carcinoma. The traditional Duke's has largely been replaced by the TNM system, but is nonetheless often used clinically.
Duke's (Astler-Coller modification)
- stage A : confined to mucosa
- stage B : though muscularis propria
- stage C : local lymph node involvement
- stage D : distant metastases
TNM staging
Primary tumour staging (T)
- Tx: primary tumour cannot be assessed
- T0: no evidence of primary tumour
- Tis: carcinoma in situ
- T1: into (but not through) submucosa
- T2: into (but not through) muscularis propria
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T3
- through muscularis propria into subserosa, or
- into non-peritonealized pericolic / perirectal tissues
- T4: direct extension into adjacent organs
Nodal status (N)
- Nx: nodes cannot be assessed
- N0: no evidence of nodal involvement
- N1: involvement of 1 to 3 regional nodes
- N2: involvement of 4 or more nodes
Metastases (M)
- Mx: presence of metastases cannot be assessed
- M0: no evidence of metastases
- M1: distant metastases present
-<p> </p><p>There are two main staging schemes used in <a href="/articles/colorectal-carcinoma">colorectal carcinoma</a>. Duke's has largely been replaced by the <a href="/articles/tnm-staging-system">TNM system</a>, but is nonetheless often used clinically.</p><h5>Duke's (Astler-Coller modification)</h5><ul>- +<p>There are two main staging schemes used in <a href="/articles/colorectal-carcinoma">colorectal carcinoma</a>. The traditional Duke's has largely been replaced by the <a href="/articles/tnm-staging-system">TNM system</a>, but is nonetheless often used clinically.</p><h5>Duke's (Astler-Coller modification)</h5><ul>
-</ul><p> </p><h5>TNM staging</h5><h6>Primary tumour staging (T)</h6><ul>- +</ul><h5>TNM staging</h5><h6>Primary tumour staging (T)</h6><ul>
-<strong>Tx</strong> : primary tumour cannot be assessed</li>- +<strong>Tx</strong>: primary tumour cannot be assessed</li>
-<strong>T0</strong> : no evidence of primary tumour</li>- +<strong>T0</strong>: no evidence of primary tumour</li>
-<strong>Tis</strong> : <a href="/articles/carcinoma-in-situ">carcinoma in situ</a>- +<strong>Tis</strong>: <a href="/articles/carcinoma-in-situ">carcinoma in situ</a>
-<strong>T1</strong> : into (but not through) submucosa</li>- +<strong>T1</strong>: into (but not through) submucosa</li>
-<strong>T2</strong> : into (but not through) muscularis propria</li>- +<strong>T2</strong>: into (but not through) muscularis propria</li>
-<strong>T4</strong> : direct extension into adjacent organs</li>-</ul><p> </p><h6>Nodal status (N)</h6><ul>- +<strong>T4</strong>: direct extension into adjacent organs</li>
- +</ul><h6>Nodal status (N)</h6><ul>
-<strong>Nx</strong> : nodes cannot be assessed</li>- +<strong>Nx</strong>: nodes cannot be assessed</li>
-<strong>N0</strong> : no evidence of nodal involvement</li>- +<strong>N0</strong>: no evidence of nodal involvement</li>
-<strong>N1</strong> : involvement of 1 to 3 regional nodes</li>- +<strong>N1</strong>: involvement of 1 to 3 regional nodes</li>
-<strong>N2</strong> : involvement of 4 or more nodes</li>-</ul><p> </p><h6>Metastases (M)</h6><ul>- +<strong>N2</strong>: involvement of 4 or more nodes</li>
- +</ul><h6>Metastases (M)</h6><ul>
-<strong>Mx</strong> : presence of metastases cannot be assessed</li>- +<strong>Mx</strong>: presence of metastases cannot be assessed</li>
-<strong>M0</strong> : no evidence of metastases</li>- +<strong>M0</strong>: no evidence of metastases</li>
-<strong>M1</strong> : distant metastases present</li>- +<strong>M1</strong>: distant metastases present</li>
Images Changes:
Image 1 Annotated image (Sagittal ) ( update )
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Image 2 CT (Oral contrast) ( create )
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