Complete tracheal rings are a rare, isolated tracheal or tracheobronchial anomaly resulting from abnormal cartilage growth, forming a complete ring and often causing airway stenosis.
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Clinical presentation
Clinically, it manifests as respiratory distress in infants or mild symptomatic airway compromise in children.
Pathology
The etiology of complete tracheal rings is unknown 4.
Associations
- aberrant left pulmonary artery (pulmonary artery sling) in 35-50% 1,4
- >75% have associated esophageal, cardiac, skeletal, and/or genitourinary anomalies 1
- congenital heart disease in 25% 4
- trisomy 21
Treatment and prognosis
Pericardial patch tracheoplasty, cartilage tracheoplasty and slide tracheoplasty are the available surgical options for repair 2,3.
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