Coronary artery disease

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Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality globally.

Clinical presentation

CAD is asymptomatic in most of the population. When severe enough it can cause angina, or an acute coronary syndrome including myocardial infarction.

Pathology

CAD is due to atherosclerosis, an inflammatory process that leads to atheroma development and remodelling/stenosis of the coronary arteries. A stenosis of >50% of diameter or >75% cross section diameter reduction can lead to angina. Thrombus formation after plaque disruption can lead to acute coronary syndrome ^1,2.

Risk factors

non-modifiable: family history, age, male sex ¹
modifiable: hypercholesterolaemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, obesity, hypertension, diabetes sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcohol ¹

Radiographic features

There are a variety techniques to image coronary artery disease including both anatomical and functional modalities. Coronary angiography has been the mainstay for many years, but in certain patient groups is being replaced by non-invasive imaging such as coronary CT angiography (cCTA).

-<p><strong>Coronary artery disease</strong> (<strong>CAD</strong>) is the leading cause of mortality globally. </p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>CAD is asymptomatic in most of the population. When severe enough it can cause angina, or an <a title="Acute coronary syndrome" href="/articles/acute-coronary-syndrome">acute coronary syndrome</a> including <a title="Myocardial infarction" href="/articles/myocardial-infarction">myocardial infarction</a>. </p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>CAD is due to <a title="Atherosclerosis - general" href="/articles/arteriosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a>, an inflammatory process that leads to atheroma development and remodelling/stenosis of the <a title="Coronary arteries" href="/articles/coronary-arteries">coronary arteries</a>. A stenosis of >50% of diameter or >75% cross section diameter reduction can lead to angina. Thrombus formation after plaque disruption can lead to acute coronary syndrome <sup>1,2</sup>. </p><h5>Risk factors</h5><ul>
+<p><strong>Coronary artery disease</strong> (<strong>CAD</strong>) is the leading cause of mortality globally. </p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>CAD is asymptomatic in most of the population. When severe enough it can cause angina, or an <a href="/articles/acute-coronary-syndrome">acute coronary syndrome</a> including <a href="/articles/myocardial-infarction">myocardial infarction</a>. </p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>CAD is due to <a href="/articles/arteriosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a>, an inflammatory process that leads to atheroma development and remodelling/stenosis of the <a href="/articles/coronary-arteries">coronary arteries</a>. A stenosis of >50% of diameter or >75% cross section diameter reduction can lead to angina. Thrombus formation after plaque disruption can lead to acute coronary syndrome <sup>1,2</sup>. </p><h5>Risk factors</h5><ul>
-</ul><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>There are a variety techniques to image coronary artery disease including both anatomical and functional modalities. Coronary angiography has been the mainstay for many years, but in certain patient groups is being replaced by non-invasive imaging such as <a title="Coronary CT angiography" href="/articles/cardiac-ct-1">coronary CT angiography</a> (cCTA).</p>
+</ul><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>There are a variety techniques to image coronary artery disease including both anatomical and functional modalities. Coronary angiography has been the mainstay for many years, but in certain patient groups is being replaced by non-invasive imaging such as <a href="/articles/cardiac-ct-1">coronary CT angiography</a> (cCTA).</p>

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