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Costovertebral joint

Dr Jeremy Jones ◉ and Dr James Ling et al.

The costovertebral joint is an articulation between the ribs and the vertebral column.

On this page:

Article:

Gross Anatomy
Costovertebral Joint
Costotransverse Joint
Related articles
References

Gross Anatomy

The ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae via two distinctly different joints:

costovertebral joint - articulation between the head of the rib and the vertebral body
costotransverse joint - articulation between the rib's tubercle and the transverse process of the vertebra

Costovertebral Joint

The head of a typical rib has two facets separated by a ridge. The lower rib facet articulates with the upper costal facet of its own vertebra and the upper facet articulates with the lower facet of the vertebral body above. Each facet is a separate synovial joint. The first rib articulates with the T1 vertebra only and the lowest three ribs articulate only with their own vertebral body ¹. There are two types of ligaments:

intra-articular ligament - attaches the intervertebral disc to the ridge in between the two facets of the head of the rib.
radiate ligament - formed by three bands which connect the rib head to the vertebral bodies. A superior band runs to the vertebral body above and an inferior band runs to the vertebral body below. A central band runs deep to the anterior longitudinal ligament and blends into the intervertebral disc to join the ligament on the opposite side. In the first rib and the last three ribs, only two bands exist as they only articulate with their own vertebra.

Costotransverse Joint

There are two facets of a tubercle of a rib, the medial and lateral. The hyaline cartilage-lined medial facet forms a plane synovial join t with the tip of the transverse process which is reinforced by a capsule. The lateral facet is attached to the transverse process through three ligaments ²:

lateral costotransverse ligament - attaches the lateral facet to the tip of the transverse process of the vertebral body.
costotransverse ligament - attaches the back of the neck of the rib to the front of the transverse process
superior costotransverse ligaments - attaches the neck of the rib to the underside of the transverse process of the vertebra above

The lower two ribs are only attached by ligaments and do not form synovial joints with the transverse process.

References

Anatomy: Thoracic

thoracic skeleton
- thoracic cage
  - ribs
    - typical ribs
    - atypical ribs
    - variant anatomy
      - bifid ribs
  - costal cartilage
  - sternum
- thoracic spine
- articulations
muscles of the thorax
spaces of the thorax
thoracic viscera
blood supply of the thorax
- arteries
  - thoracic aorta (development)
  - pulmonary trunk
    - left pulmonary artery
      - aberrant left pulmonary artery
    - right pulmonary artery
- veins
  - superior vena cava (cavoatrial junction)
  - inferior vena cava
  - coronary veins
    - cardiac veins which drain into the coronary sinus
      - great cardiac vein
      - middle cardiac vein
      - small cardiac vein
      - posterior vein of the left ventricle
      - vein of Marshall (oblique vein of the left atrium)
    - anterior cardiac veins
    - venae cordis minimae (smallest cardiac veins or thebesian veins)
  - pulmonary veins
    - bronchial veins
lymphatics
innervation of the thorax

Article information

rID: 50870

System: Chest, Musculoskeletal

Section: Anatomy

Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:

Costotransverse Joint

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