Enhancement of cranial nerves has a lengthy differential including 1-2:
- infection
- mycobacterial: tuberculosis, leprosy
- bacterial: mycoplasma
- spirochetes: Lyme disease, syphilis
- viruses: e.g. herpes zoster virus, influenza virus, human herpesvirus 1 (HHV1) 3
- funguses
- parasites
- granulomatous / agiopathic
- demyelination / post-infective
- Guillain–Barré syndrome and variants: facial nerve 1,4
- chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) 4
- neoplastic
- primary
- secondary
- CSF seeding
- infiltration by lymphoma / leukemia / multiple myeloma
- hereditary
- iatrogenic
- radiotherapy / radiation / gamma knife 5
- surgery / trauma
- toxins
- drugs
- idiopathic
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