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Episternal ossicles

Dr Craig Hacking ◉ ◈ and Dr David Cuete et al.

Episternal (or suprasternal) ossicles are accessory bones and a normal variant of the sternum. They result from supernumerary ossification centers and are seen in ~4% (range 1-7%) of the population.

On this page:

Article:

Gross anatomy
Radiographic features
Differential diagnosis
Related articles
References

Images:

Cases and figures

Gross anatomy

Episternal ossicles are usually located posterior or superior to the superior border of the manubrium and may be unilateral or bilateral. They range in diameter from 2-15 mm and are located in a retro- or supra-manubrial location.

In three dimensions, they are quadrilateral pyramids whose bases articulate with the manubrium. The apices point medially, but rounding of the corners may mask this appearance.

Radiographic features

Their visualization using radiographs can be difficult but with the use of computed tomography are clearly identifiable, revealing unilateral or bilateral triangular ossicles in a retro- or supra-manubrial location.

Differential diagnosis

parasternal ossicles: within the 1^st costal cartilage

It is also important to differentiate them from:

References

Anatomy: Thoracic

thoracic skeleton
- thoracic cage
  - ribs
    - typical ribs
    - atypical ribs
    - variant anatomy
      - bifid ribs
  - costal cartilage
  - sternum
- thoracic spine
- articulations
muscles of the thorax
spaces of the thorax
thoracic viscera
blood supply of the thorax
- arteries
  - thoracic aorta (development)
  - pulmonary trunk
    - left pulmonary artery
      - aberrant left pulmonary artery
    - right pulmonary artery
- veins
  - superior vena cava (cavoatrial junction)
  - inferior vena cava
  - coronary veins
    - cardiac veins which drain into the coronary sinus
      - great cardiac vein
      - middle cardiac vein
      - small cardiac vein
      - posterior vein of the left ventricle
      - vein of Marshall (oblique vein of the left atrium)
    - anterior cardiac veins
    - venae cordis minimae (smallest cardiac veins or thebesian veins)
  - pulmonary veins
    - bronchial veins
lymphatics
innervation of the thorax

Article information

rID: 28069

System: Chest, Musculoskeletal

Section: Anatomy

Tag: variants

Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:

Breschet's bone(s)
Suprasternal ossicles
Episternal ossicle
Suprasternal ossicle

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Cases and figures

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