Focal cortical dysplasia
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
Focal cortical dysplasia is a disorders of cortical formation, which may demonstrate both architectural and proliferative features.
Clinical presentation
It's a frequent cause of refractory epilepsy, especially in children.
Classification
Focal cortical dysplasia can be divided into twothree main categories, each with further subdivided into two 1
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FCD type I (non-Taylor dysplasia)
- type Ia - dyslamination and mild malformation of cortical development
- type Ib - isolated architectural abnormalities and cytoarchitectural dysplasia (without presence of dysmorphic neurons)
- type Ic - combination of both Ia and Ib
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FCD type II (Taylor dysplasia)- most common
- type IIa - no balloon cells
- type IIb - balloon cells present
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FCD type III
- type IIIa - with hippocampal sclerosis
- type IIIb - with epilepsy associated tumours
- type IIIc - with vascular malformations
Radiographic features
MRI
MRI studies could be negative or show signs of:
- focal cortical thickening and abnormal gyration with or without T2/ FLAIR hyperintensity.
- blurring of cortex/white matter interface.
Differential diagnosis
Imaging differential considerations include
-<p><strong>Focal cortical dysplasia</strong> is a <a href="/articles/disorders-of-cortical-formation">disorders of cortical formation</a>, which may demonstrate both architectural and proliferative features.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>It's a frequent cause of refractory epilepsy, especially in children. </p><h5>Classification</h5><p>Focal cortical dysplasia can be divided into two main categories, each with further subdivided into two <sup>1</sup>: </p><ul>- +<p><strong>Focal cortical dysplasia</strong> is a <a href="/articles/disorders-of-cortical-formation">disorders of cortical formation</a>, which may demonstrate both architectural and proliferative features.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>It's a frequent cause of refractory epilepsy, especially in children. </p><h5>Classification</h5><p>Focal cortical dysplasia can be divided into three main categories: </p><ul>
- +<li>
- +<strong>type Ic</strong> - combination of both Ia and Ib</li>
-<strong>FCD type II</strong> (<a href="/articles/taylor-dysplasia">Taylor dysplasia</a>)<ul>- +<strong>FCD type II</strong> (<a href="/articles/taylor-dysplasia">Taylor dysplasia</a>)- most common <ul>
- +<li>
- +<strong>FCD type III</strong><ul>
- +<li>
- +<strong>type IIIa </strong>- with hippocampal sclerosis</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>type IIIb </strong>- with epilepsy associated tumours</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>type IIIc </strong>- with vascular malformations</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
-<li><a title="Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours (DNET)'s" href="/articles/dysembryoplastic-neuroepithelial-tumour">DNET</a></li>-<li><a title="Ganglioglioma" href="/articles/ganglioglioma">ganglioglioma</a></li>- +<li><a href="/articles/dysembryoplastic-neuroepithelial-tumour">DNET</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/ganglioglioma">ganglioglioma</a></li>
References changed:
- 2. Barkovich A, Kuzniecky R, Jackson G, Guerrini R, Dobyns W. A Developmental and Genetic Classification for Malformations of Cortical Development. Neurology. 2005;65(12):1873-87. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000183747.05269.2d">doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000183747.05269.2d</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16192428">Pubmed</a>
- 3. Barkovich A, Guerrini R, Kuzniecky R, Jackson G, Dobyns W. A Developmental and Genetic Classification for Malformations of Cortical Development: Update 2012. Brain. 2012;135(Pt 5):1348-69. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aws019">doi:10.1093/brain/aws019</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22427329">Pubmed</a>
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