Hematuria causes (mnemonic)

Last revised by Kyriacos S. Evangelou on 9 Aug 2021

A mnemonic to remember the commonest causes of hematuria is:

  • I PEE RBCS

Mnemonic

  • I: infection
  • P: pseudohaematuria (menses, dark urine)
  • E: exercise
  • E: external trauma
  • R: renal glomerular disease
  • B: benign prostatic hypertrophy
  • C: cancer
  • S: stones

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