{"countries":[{"id":4,"name":"Afghanistan","region_id":1},{"id":17,"name":"Åland Islands","region_id":1},{"id":7,"name":"Albania","region_id":1},{"id":64,"name":"Algeria","region_id":1},{"id":13,"name":"American Samoa","region_id":3},{"id":2,"name":"Andorra","region_id":1},{"id":10,"name":"Angola","region_id":1},{"id":6,"name":"Anguilla","region_id":1},{"id":11,"name":"Antarctica","region_id":1},{"id":5,"name":"Antigua and Barbuda","region_id":1},{"id":12,"name":"Argentina","region_id":1},{"id":8,"name":"Armenia","region_id":1},{"id":16,"name":"Aruba","region_id":1},{"id":15,"name":"Australia","region_id":2},{"id":14,"name":"Austria","region_id":1},{"id":18,"name":"Azerbaijan","region_id":1},{"id":34,"name":"Bahamas","region_id":1},{"id":25,"name":"Bahrain","region_id":1},{"id":21,"name":"Bangladesh","region_id":1},{"id":20,"name":"Barbados","region_id":1},{"id":38,"name":"Belarus","region_id":1},{"id":22,"name":"Belgium","region_id":1},{"id":39,"name":"Belize","region_id":1},{"id":27,"name":"Benin","region_id":1},{"id":29,"name":"Bermuda","region_id":1},{"id":35,"name":"Bhutan","region_id":1},{"id":31,"name":"Bolivia","region_id":1},{"id":32,"name":"Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba","region_id":1},{"id":19,"name":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","region_id":1},{"id":37,"name":"Botswana","region_id":1},{"id":36,"name":"Bouvet Island","region_id":1},{"id":33,"name":"Brazil","region_id":1},{"id":108,"name":"British Indian Ocean Territory","region_id":1},{"id":30,"name":"Brunei Darussalam","region_id":1},{"id":24,"name":"Bulgaria","region_id":1},{"id":23,"name":"Burkina Faso","region_id":1},{"id":26,"name":"Burundi","region_id":1},{"id":119,"name":"Cambodia","region_id":1},{"id":49,"name":"Cameroon","region_id":1},{"id":40,"name":"Canada","region_id":1},{"id":54,"name":"Cape Verde","region_id":1},{"id":126,"name":"Cayman Islands","region_id":1},{"id":43,"name":"Central African Republic","region_id":1},{"id":217,"name":"Chad","region_id":1},{"id":48,"name":"Chile","region_id":1},{"id":50,"name":"China","region_id":1},{"id":56,"name":"Christmas Island","region_id":1},{"id":41,"name":"Cocos (Keeling) Islands","region_id":1},{"id":51,"name":"Colombia","region_id":1},{"id":121,"name":"Comoros","region_id":1},{"id":44,"name":"Congo","region_id":1},{"id":42,"name":"Congo, The Democratic Republic Of The","region_id":1},{"id":47,"name":"Cook Islands","region_id":1},{"id":52,"name":"Costa Rica","region_id":1},{"id":46,"name":"Côte D'Ivoire","region_id":1},{"id":100,"name":"Croatia","region_id":1},{"id":53,"name":"Cuba","region_id":1},{"id":55,"name":"Curaçao","region_id":1},{"id":57,"name":"Cyprus","region_id":1},{"id":58,"name":"Czech Republic","region_id":1},{"id":61,"name":"Denmark","region_id":1},{"id":60,"name":"Djibouti","region_id":1},{"id":62,"name":"Dominica","region_id":1},{"id":63,"name":"Dominican Republic","region_id":1},{"id":65,"name":"Ecuador","region_id":1},{"id":67,"name":"Egypt","region_id":1},{"id":212,"name":"El Salvador","region_id":1},{"id":90,"name":"Equatorial Guinea","region_id":1},{"id":69,"name":"Eritrea","region_id":1},{"id":66,"name":"Estonia","region_id":1},{"id":71,"name":"Ethiopia","region_id":1},{"id":74,"name":"Falkland Islands (Malvinas)","region_id":1},{"id":76,"name":"Faroe Islands","region_id":1},{"id":73,"name":"Fiji","region_id":1},{"id":72,"name":"Finland","region_id":1},{"id":77,"name":"France","region_id":1},{"id":82,"name":"French Guiana","region_id":1},{"id":177,"name":"French Polynesia","region_id":1},{"id":218,"name":"French Southern Territories","region_id":1},{"id":78,"name":"Gabon","region_id":1},{"id":87,"name":"Gambia","region_id":1},{"id":81,"name":"Georgia","region_id":1},{"id":59,"name":"Germany","region_id":1},{"id":84,"name":"Ghana","region_id":1},{"id":85,"name":"Gibraltar","region_id":1},{"id":91,"name":"Greece","region_id":1},{"id":86,"name":"Greenland","region_id":1},{"id":80,"name":"Grenada","region_id":1},{"id":89,"name":"Guadeloupe","region_id":1},{"id":94,"name":"Guam","region_id":1},{"id":93,"name":"Guatemala","region_id":1},{"id":83,"name":"Guernsey","region_id":1},{"id":88,"name":"Guinea","region_id":1},{"id":95,"name":"Guinea-Bissau","region_id":1},{"id":96,"name":"Guyana","region_id":1},{"id":101,"name":"Haiti","region_id":1},{"id":98,"name":"Heard and McDonald Islands","region_id":1},{"id":238,"name":"Holy See (Vatican City State)","region_id":1},{"id":99,"name":"Honduras","region_id":1},{"id":97,"name":"Hong Kong","region_id":1},{"id":102,"name":"Hungary","region_id":1},{"id":111,"name":"Iceland","region_id":1},{"id":107,"name":"India","region_id":1},{"id":103,"name":"Indonesia","region_id":1},{"id":110,"name":"Iran, Islamic Republic Of","region_id":1},{"id":109,"name":"Iraq","region_id":1},{"id":104,"name":"Ireland","region_id":1},{"id":106,"name":"Isle of Man","region_id":1},{"id":105,"name":"Israel","region_id":1},{"id":112,"name":"Italy","region_id":1},{"id":114,"name":"Jamaica","region_id":1},{"id":116,"name":"Japan","region_id":1},{"id":113,"name":"Jersey","region_id":1},{"id":115,"name":"Jordan","region_id":1},{"id":127,"name":"Kazakhstan","region_id":1},{"id":117,"name":"Kenya","region_id":1},{"id":120,"name":"Kiribati","region_id":1},{"id":123,"name":"Korea, Democratic People's Republic Of","region_id":1},{"id":124,"name":"Korea, Republic of","region_id":1},{"id":252,"name":"Kosovo","region_id":1},{"id":125,"name":"Kuwait","region_id":1},{"id":118,"name":"Kyrgyzstan","region_id":1},{"id":128,"name":"Lao People's Democratic Republic","region_id":1},{"id":137,"name":"Latvia","region_id":1},{"id":129,"name":"Lebanon","region_id":1},{"id":134,"name":"Lesotho","region_id":1},{"id":133,"name":"Liberia","region_id":1},{"id":138,"name":"Libya","region_id":1},{"id":131,"name":"Liechtenstein","region_id":1},{"id":135,"name":"Lithuania","region_id":1},{"id":136,"name":"Luxembourg","region_id":1},{"id":150,"name":"Macao","region_id":1},{"id":146,"name":"Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic Of","region_id":1},{"id":144,"name":"Madagascar","region_id":1},{"id":158,"name":"Malawi","region_id":1},{"id":160,"name":"Malaysia","region_id":1},{"id":157,"name":"Maldives","region_id":1},{"id":147,"name":"Mali","region_id":1},{"id":155,"name":"Malta","region_id":1},{"id":145,"name":"Marshall Islands","region_id":1},{"id":152,"name":"Martinique","region_id":1},{"id":153,"name":"Mauritania","region_id":1},{"id":156,"name":"Mauritius","region_id":1},{"id":248,"name":"Mayotte","region_id":1},{"id":159,"name":"Mexico","region_id":1},{"id":75,"name":"Micronesia, Federated States Of","region_id":1},{"id":141,"name":"Moldova, Republic of","region_id":1},{"id":140,"name":"Monaco","region_id":1},{"id":149,"name":"Mongolia","region_id":1},{"id":142,"name":"Montenegro","region_id":1},{"id":154,"name":"Montserrat","region_id":1},{"id":139,"name":"Morocco","region_id":1},{"id":161,"name":"Mozambique","region_id":1},{"id":148,"name":"Myanmar","region_id":1},{"id":162,"name":"Namibia","region_id":1},{"id":171,"name":"Nauru","region_id":1},{"id":170,"name":"Nepal","region_id":1},{"id":168,"name":"Netherlands","region_id":1},{"id":9,"name":"Netherlands Antilles","region_id":1},{"id":163,"name":"New Caledonia","region_id":1},{"id":173,"name":"New Zealand","region_id":2},{"id":167,"name":"Nicaragua","region_id":1},{"id":164,"name":"Niger","region_id":1},{"id":166,"name":"Nigeria","region_id":1},{"id":172,"name":"Niue","region_id":1},{"id":165,"name":"Norfolk Island","region_id":1},{"id":151,"name":"Northern Mariana Islands","region_id":1},{"id":169,"name":"Norway","region_id":1},{"id":174,"name":"Oman","region_id":1},{"id":180,"name":"Pakistan","region_id":1},{"id":187,"name":"Palau","region_id":1},{"id":185,"name":"Palestine, State of","region_id":1},{"id":175,"name":"Panama","region_id":1},{"id":178,"name":"Papua New Guinea","region_id":1},{"id":188,"name":"Paraguay","region_id":1},{"id":176,"name":"Peru","region_id":1},{"id":179,"name":"Philippines","region_id":1},{"id":183,"name":"Pitcairn","region_id":1},{"id":181,"name":"Poland","region_id":1},{"id":186,"name":"Portugal","region_id":1},{"id":184,"name":"Puerto Rico","region_id":1},{"id":189,"name":"Qatar","region_id":1},{"id":190,"name":"Réunion","region_id":1},{"id":191,"name":"Romania","region_id":1},{"id":193,"name":"Russian Federation","region_id":1},{"id":194,"name":"Rwanda","region_id":1},{"id":28,"name":"Saint Barthélemy","region_id":1},{"id":201,"name":"Saint Helena","region_id":1},{"id":122,"name":"Saint Kitts And Nevis","region_id":1},{"id":130,"name":"Saint Lucia","region_id":1},{"id":143,"name":"Saint Martin","region_id":1},{"id":182,"name":"Saint Pierre And Miquelon","region_id":1},{"id":239,"name":"Saint Vincent And The Grenadines","region_id":1},{"id":246,"name":"Samoa","region_id":1},{"id":206,"name":"San Marino","region_id":1},{"id":211,"name":"Sao Tome and Principe","region_id":1},{"id":195,"name":"Saudi Arabia","region_id":1},{"id":207,"name":"Senegal","region_id":1},{"id":192,"name":"Serbia","region_id":1},{"id":197,"name":"Seychelles","region_id":1},{"id":205,"name":"Sierra Leone","region_id":1},{"id":200,"name":"Singapore","region_id":1},{"id":213,"name":"Sint Maarten","region_id":1},{"id":204,"name":"Slovakia","region_id":1},{"id":202,"name":"Slovenia","region_id":1},{"id":196,"name":"Solomon Islands","region_id":1},{"id":208,"name":"Somalia","region_id":1},{"id":249,"name":"South Africa","region_id":1},{"id":92,"name":"South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands","region_id":1},{"id":210,"name":"South Sudan","region_id":1},{"id":70,"name":"Spain","region_id":1},{"id":132,"name":"Sri Lanka","region_id":1},{"id":198,"name":"Sudan","region_id":1},{"id":209,"name":"Suriname","region_id":1},{"id":203,"name":"Svalbard And Jan Mayen","region_id":1},{"id":215,"name":"Swaziland","region_id":1},{"id":199,"name":"Sweden","region_id":1},{"id":45,"name":"Switzerland","region_id":1},{"id":214,"name":"Syrian Arab Republic","region_id":1},{"id":230,"name":"Taiwan, Republic Of China","region_id":1},{"id":221,"name":"Tajikistan","region_id":1},{"id":231,"name":"Tanzania, United Republic of","region_id":1},{"id":220,"name":"Thailand","region_id":1},{"id":223,"name":"Timor-Leste","region_id":1},{"id":219,"name":"Togo","region_id":1},{"id":222,"name":"Tokelau","region_id":1},{"id":226,"name":"Tonga","region_id":1},{"id":228,"name":"Trinidad and Tobago","region_id":1},{"id":225,"name":"Tunisia","region_id":1},{"id":227,"name":"Turkey","region_id":1},{"id":224,"name":"Turkmenistan","region_id":1},{"id":216,"name":"Turks and Caicos Islands","region_id":1},{"id":229,"name":"Tuvalu","region_id":1},{"id":233,"name":"Uganda","region_id":1},{"id":232,"name":"Ukraine","region_id":1},{"id":3,"name":"United Arab Emirates","region_id":1},{"id":79,"name":"United Kingdom","region_id":4},{"id":235,"name":"United States","region_id":3},{"id":234,"name":"United States Minor Outlying Islands","region_id":3},{"id":236,"name":"Uruguay","region_id":1},{"id":237,"name":"Uzbekistan","region_id":1},{"id":244,"name":"Vanuatu","region_id":1},{"id":240,"name":"Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of","region_id":1},{"id":243,"name":"Vietnam","region_id":1},{"id":241,"name":"Virgin Islands, British","region_id":1},{"id":242,"name":"Virgin Islands, U.S.","region_id":1},{"id":245,"name":"Wallis and Futuna","region_id":1},{"id":68,"name":"Western Sahara","region_id":1},{"id":247,"name":"Yemen","region_id":1},{"id":250,"name":"Zambia","region_id":1},{"id":251,"name":"Zimbabwe","region_id":1}],"sub_specialties":{"en":[{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"General radiology","value":1},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Abdominal radiology","value":2},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Breast radiology","value":3},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Cardiac radiology","value":97},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Chest radiology","value":4},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Emergency radiology","value":98},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Head and neck radiology","value":99},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Interventional radiology","value":5},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Musculoskeletal radiology","value":6},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Neurointerventional radiology","value":7},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Neuroradiology","value":8},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Nuclear medicine","value":9},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Paediatric radiology","value":10},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Vascular radiology","value":100},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Women's imaging","value":11},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Other radiology","value":12},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Pathology","label":"General pathology","value":13},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Pathology","label":"Anatomical pathology","value":14},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Pathology","label":"Chemical pathology","value":15},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Pathology","label":"Forensic pathology","value":16},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Pathology","label":"Haematology","value":17},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Pathology","label":"Other pathology","value":18},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"General medicine","value":19},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Cardiology","value":20},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Dermatology","value":21},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Emergency medicine","value":22},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Endocrinology","value":23},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Gastroenterology","value":24},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Geriatrician","value":25},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Haematology","value":26},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Immunology","value":27},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Infectious diseases","value":28},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Intensive care","value":29},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Internal medicine","value":30},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Palliative care","value":31},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Neonatalology","value":32},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Nephrology","value":33},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Neurology","value":34},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Obstetrics and/or gynaecology","value":35},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Oncology","value":36},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Ophthalmology","value":37},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Pain management","value":38},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Paediatrics","value":39},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Psychiatry","value":40},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Radiation oncology","value":41},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Rehabilitation medicine","value":42},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Respiratory medicine","value":43},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Rheumatology","value":44},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Other specialised medicine","value":45},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"General surgeon","value":46},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Cardiothoracic surgeon","value":47},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Colorectal surgeon","value":48},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Ear nose and throat surgeon","value":49},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Head and neck surgeon","value":50},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Hepatobiliary surgeon","value":51},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Maxillofacial surgeon","value":52},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Neurosurgeon","value":53},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Oncological surgeon","value":54},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Orthopaedic surgeon","value":55},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Plastic surgeon","value":56},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Trauma surgeon","value":57},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Urology","value":58},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Vascular surgeon","value":59},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Other surgeon","value":60},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Anaesthetics","label":"Anaesthetics","value":61},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Other medical doctor","label":"Other medical doctor","value":62},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"General radiography","value":63},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"Angiography","value":64},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"CT radiography","value":65},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"MR imaging","value":66},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"Nuclear medicine","value":67},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"Radiation therapy","value":68},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"Radiology technician","value":69},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"Ultrasonography","value":70},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"Other imaging technologist","value":71},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"Advanced practitioner (radiographer)","value":102},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"General dentistry","value":72},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Endodontistry","value":73},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Paediatric dentistry","value":74},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Pedodontistry","value":75},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Periodontistry","value":76},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Prosthodontistry","value":77},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Oral and maxillofacial surgery","value":78},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Oral pathology","value":79},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Orthodontistry","value":80},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Other dentistry","value":81},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"General nursing","value":82},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Anaesthetic nursing","value":83},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Dental nursing","value":84},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Emergency nursing","value":85},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Intensive care nursing","value":86},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Medical nursing","value":87},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Paediatric nursing","value":88},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Rehabilitation nursing","value":89},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Surgical nursing","value":90},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Other nursing","value":91},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Advanced practitioner (nurse)","value":101},{"broad_division_id":5,"groupId":"Allied health","label":"Dietician","value":92},{"broad_division_id":5,"groupId":"Allied health","label":"Occupational therapy","value":93},{"broad_division_id":5,"groupId":"Allied health","label":"Physiotherapy","value":94},{"broad_division_id":5,"groupId":"Allied health","label":"Speech pathology","value":95},{"broad_division_id":5,"groupId":"Allied health","label":"Other allied health","value":96},{"broad_division_id":5,"groupId":"Allied health","label":"Advanced practitioner (physiotherapist)","value":103},{"broad_division_id":6,"groupId":"Other","label":"Veterinarian","value":104},{"broad_division_id":6,"groupId":"Other","label":"Physician assistant","value":105},{"broad_division_id":6,"groupId":"Other","label":"Not Specified","value":106}],"en-US":[{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"General radiology","value":1},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Abdominal radiology","value":2},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Breast radiology","value":3},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Cardiac radiology","value":97},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Chest radiology","value":4},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Emergency radiology","value":98},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Head and neck radiology","value":99},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Interventional radiology","value":5},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Musculoskeletal radiology","value":6},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Neurointerventional radiology","value":7},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Neuroradiology","value":8},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Nuclear medicine","value":9},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Pediatric radiology","value":10},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Vascular radiology","value":100},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Women's imaging","value":11},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Radiology","label":"Other radiology","value":12},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Pathology","label":"General pathology","value":13},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Pathology","label":"Anatomical pathology","value":14},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Pathology","label":"Chemical pathology","value":15},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Pathology","label":"Forensic pathology","value":16},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Pathology","label":"Hematology","value":17},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Pathology","label":"Other pathology","value":18},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"General medicine","value":19},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Cardiology","value":20},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Dermatology","value":21},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Emergency medicine","value":22},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Endocrinology","value":23},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Gastroenterology","value":24},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Geriatrician","value":25},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Hematology","value":26},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Immunology","value":27},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Infectious diseases","value":28},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Intensive care","value":29},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Internal medicine","value":30},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Palliative care","value":31},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Neonatalology","value":32},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Nephrology","value":33},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Neurology","value":34},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Obstetrics and/or gynaecology","value":35},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Oncology","value":36},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Ophthalmology","value":37},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Pain management","value":38},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Pediatrics","value":39},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Psychiatry","value":40},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Radiation oncology","value":41},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Rehabilitation medicine","value":42},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Pulmonology","value":43},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Rheumatology","value":44},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Physician","label":"Other specialised medicine","value":45},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"General surgeon","value":46},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Cardiothoracic surgeon","value":47},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Colorectal surgeon","value":48},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Otolaryngology","value":49},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Head and neck surgeon","value":50},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Hepatobiliary surgeon","value":51},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Maxillofacial surgeon","value":52},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Neurosurgeon","value":53},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Oncological surgeon","value":54},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Orthopedic surgeon","value":55},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Plastic surgeon","value":56},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Trauma surgeon","value":57},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Urology","value":58},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Vascular surgeon","value":59},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Surgery","label":"Other surgeon","value":60},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Anaesthetics","label":"Anesthesiology","value":61},{"broad_division_id":1,"groupId":"Other medical doctor","label":"Other medical doctor","value":62},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"General radiography","value":63},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"Angiography","value":64},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"CT radiography","value":65},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"MR imaging","value":66},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"Nuclear medicine","value":67},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"Radiation therapy","value":68},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"Radiology technician","value":69},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"Ultrasonography","value":70},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"Other imaging technologist","value":71},{"broad_division_id":2,"groupId":"Imaging technologist","label":"Advanced practitioner (radiographer)","value":102},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"General dentistry","value":72},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Endodontistry","value":73},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Paediatric dentistry","value":74},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Pedodontistry","value":75},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Periodontistry","value":76},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Prosthodontistry","value":77},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Oral and maxillofacial surgery","value":78},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Oral pathology","value":79},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Orthodontistry","value":80},{"broad_division_id":3,"groupId":"Dentistry/dental science","label":"Other dentistry","value":81},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"General nursing","value":82},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Anesthetic nursing","value":83},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Dental nursing","value":84},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Emergency nursing","value":85},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Intensive care nursing","value":86},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Medical nursing","value":87},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Pediatric nursing","value":88},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Rehabilitation nursing","value":89},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Surgical nursing","value":90},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Other nursing","value":91},{"broad_division_id":4,"groupId":"Nursing","label":"Advanced practitioner (nurse)","value":101},{"broad_division_id":5,"groupId":"Allied health","label":"Dietician","value":92},{"broad_division_id":5,"groupId":"Allied health","label":"Occupational therapy","value":93},{"broad_division_id":5,"groupId":"Allied health","label":"Physiotherapy","value":94},{"broad_division_id":5,"groupId":"Allied health","label":"Speech pathology","value":95},{"broad_division_id":5,"groupId":"Allied health","label":"Other allied health","value":96},{"broad_division_id":5,"groupId":"Allied health","label":"Advanced practitioner (physiotherapist)","value":103},{"broad_division_id":6,"groupId":"Other","label":"Veterinarian","value":104},{"broad_division_id":6,"groupId":"Other","label":"Physician assistant","value":105},{"broad_division_id":6,"groupId":"Other","label":"Not Specified","value":106}]},"training_levels":[{"broad_division_id":1,"value":1,"region_labels":{"4":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 1)","2":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 1)","1":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 1)","3":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 1)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":2,"region_labels":{"3":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 2)","1":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 2)","4":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 2)","2":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 2)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":3,"region_labels":{"2":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 3)","4":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 3)","3":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 3)","1":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 3)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":4,"region_labels":{"3":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 4)","2":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 4)","1":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 4)","4":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 4)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":5,"region_labels":{"4":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 5+)","2":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 5+)","1":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 5+)","3":"Undergraduate Non-Medicine (year 5+)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":6,"region_labels":{"3":"Medical Student (year 1)","1":"Medical Student (year 1)","2":"Medical Student (year 1)","4":"Medical Student (year 1)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":7,"region_labels":{"2":"Medical Student (year 2)","3":"Medical Student (year 2)","4":"Medical Student (year 2)","1":"Medical Student (year 2)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":8,"region_labels":{"2":"Medical Student (year 3)","3":"Medical Student (year 3)","4":"Medical Student (year 3)","1":"Medical Student (year 3)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":9,"region_labels":{"2":"Medical Student (year 4)","3":"Medical Student (year 4)","4":"Medical Student (year 4)","1":"Medical Student (year 4)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":10,"region_labels":{"1":"Medical Student (year 5)","3":"Medical Student (year 5)","2":"Medical Student (year 5)","4":"Medical Student (year 5)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":11,"region_labels":{"3":"Medical Student (year 6+)","4":"Medical Student (year 6+)","1":"Medical Student (year 6+)","2":"Medical Student (year 6+)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":12,"region_labels":{"4":"Foundation Doctor (FY1)","2":"Intern","3":"Postgraduate year 1 (PGY 1)","1":"Intern"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":13,"region_labels":{"4":"Foundation Doctor (FY2)","2":"Resident (HMO year 1)","1":"Junior Doctor (HMO year 1)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":14,"region_labels":{"1":"Junior Doctor (HMO year 2+)","2":"Resident (HMO year 2+)","4":"Foundation Doctor (FY3+)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":15,"region_labels":{"3":"Postgraduate year 2 (PGY 2)","4":"Specialty trainee year (ST 1)","1":"Specialty trainee (year 1)","2":"Registrar (year 1)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":16,"region_labels":{"3":"Postgraduate year 3 (PGY 3)","4":"Specialty trainee year (ST 2)","2":"Registrar (year 2)","1":"Specialty trainee (year 2)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":17,"region_labels":{"3":"Postgraduate year 4 (PGY 4)","4":"Specialty trainee year (ST 3)","1":"Specialty trainee (year 3)","2":"Registrar (year 3)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":18,"region_labels":{"3":"Postgraduate year 5 (PGY 6)","4":"Specialty trainee year (ST 4)","1":"Specialty trainee (year 4)","2":"Registrar (year 4)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":19,"region_labels":{"4":"Specialty trainee year (ST 5)","1":"Specialty trainee (year 5)","2":"Registrar (year 5)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":20,"region_labels":{"4":"Specialty trainee year (ST 6)","2":"Registrar (year 6)","1":"Specialty trainee (year 6)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":21,"region_labels":{"2":"Registrar (year 7+)","1":"Specialty trainee (year 7+)","4":"Specialty trainee year (ST 7+)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":22,"region_labels":{"3":"Fellow (PGY 6)","2":"Fellow (year 1)","4":"Fellow (year 1)","1":"Fellow (year 1)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":23,"region_labels":{"3":"Fellow (PGY 7+)","2":"Fellow (year 2+)","4":"Fellow (year 2+)","1":"Fellow (year 2+)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":24,"region_labels":{"3":"Attending (year 1-5)","2":"Consultant (year 1-5)","1":"Consultant/Attending (year 1-5)","4":"Consultant (year 1-5)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":25,"region_labels":{"3":"Attending (year 6-10)","1":"Consultant/Attending (year 6-10)","2":"Consultant (year 6-10)","4":"Consultant (year 6-10)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":26,"region_labels":{"3":"Attending (year 11-15)","1":"Consultant/Attending (year 11-15)","4":"Consultant (year 11-15)","2":"Consultant (year 11-15)"}},{"broad_division_id":1,"value":27,"region_labels":{"3":"Attending (year 15+)","2":"Consultant (year 15+)","4":"Consultant (year 15+)","1":"Consultant/Attending (year 15+)"}},{"broad_division_id":2,"value":28,"region_labels":{"3":"Student (year 1)","4":"Student (year 1)","2":"Student (year 1)","1":"Student (year 1)"}},{"broad_division_id":2,"value":29,"region_labels":{"3":"Student (year 2)","2":"Student (year 2)","1":"Student (year 2)","4":"Student (year 2)"}},{"broad_division_id":2,"value":30,"region_labels":{"3":"Student (year 3)","1":"Student (year 3)","2":"Student (year 3)","4":"Student (year 3)"}},{"broad_division_id":2,"value":31,"region_labels":{"3":"Student (year 4+)","1":"Student (year 4+)","4":"Student (year 4+)","2":"Student (year 4+)"}},{"broad_division_id":2,"value":32,"region_labels":{"3":"Radiographer/Technician","1":"Radiographer/Technician","2":"Radiographer/Technician","4":"Radiographer/Technician"}},{"broad_division_id":3,"value":39,"region_labels":{"3":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 1)","2":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 1)","1":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 1)","4":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 1)"}},{"broad_division_id":3,"value":40,"region_labels":{"3":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 2)","4":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 2)","1":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 2)","2":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 2)"}},{"broad_division_id":3,"value":41,"region_labels":{"3":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 3)","4":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 3)","1":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 3)","2":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 3)"}},{"broad_division_id":3,"value":42,"region_labels":{"3":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 4)","4":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 4)","2":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 4)","1":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 4)"}},{"broad_division_id":3,"value":43,"region_labels":{"3":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 5+)","4":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 5+)","2":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 5+)","1":"Undergraduate Non-Dental (year 5+)"}},{"broad_division_id":3,"value":44,"region_labels":{"3":"Dentistry Student (year 1)","1":"Dentistry Student (year 1)","4":"Dentistry Student (year 1)","2":"Dentistry Student (year 1)"}},{"broad_division_id":3,"value":45,"region_labels":{"3":"Dentistry Student (year 2)","4":"Dentistry Student (year 2)","2":"Dentistry Student (year 2)","1":"Dentistry Student (year 2)"}},{"broad_division_id":3,"value":46,"region_labels":{"3":"Dentistry Student (year 3)","1":"Dentistry Student (year 3)","2":"Dentistry Student (year 3)","4":"Dentistry Student (year 3)"}},{"broad_division_id":3,"value":47,"region_labels":{"3":"Dentistry Student (year 4)","4":"Dentistry Student (year 4)","2":"Dentistry Student (year 4)","1":"Dentistry Student (year 4)"}},{"broad_division_id":3,"value":48,"region_labels":{"3":"Dentistry Student (year 5)","4":"Dentistry Student (year 5)","2":"Dentistry Student (year 5)","1":"Dentistry Student (year 5)"}},{"broad_division_id":3,"value":49,"region_labels":{"3":"Dentistry Student (year 6+)","4":"Dentistry Student (year 6+)","1":"Dentistry Student (year 6+)","2":"Dentistry Student (year 6+)"}},{"broad_division_id":3,"value":50,"region_labels":{"3":"General Dentist","2":"General Dentist","4":"General Dentist","1":"General Dentist"}},{"broad_division_id":3,"value":51,"region_labels":{"3":"Specialty Dentist","2":"Specialty Dentist","1":"Specialty Dentist","4":"Specialty Dentist"}},{"broad_division_id":4,"value":33,"region_labels":{"3":"Nursing Student (year 1)","4":"Nursing Student (year 1)","2":"Nursing Student (year 1)","1":"Nursing Student (year 1)"}},{"broad_division_id":4,"value":34,"region_labels":{"3":"Nursing Student (year 2)","1":"Nursing Student (year 2)","2":"Nursing Student (year 2)","4":"Nursing Student (year 2)"}},{"broad_division_id":4,"value":35,"region_labels":{"3":"Nursing Student (year 3)","4":"Nursing Student (year 3)","1":"Nursing Student (year 3)","2":"Nursing Student (year 3)"}},{"broad_division_id":4,"value":36,"region_labels":{"3":"Nursing Student (year 4+)","1":"Nursing Student (year 4+)","4":"Nursing Student (year 4+)","2":"Nursing Student (year 4+)"}},{"broad_division_id":4,"value":37,"region_labels":{"3":"Registered Nurse","1":"Registered Nurse","4":"Registered Nurse","2":"Registered Nurse"}},{"broad_division_id":4,"value":38,"region_labels":{"3":"Specialty Nurse","2":"Specialty Nurse","1":"Specialty Nurse","4":"Specialty Nurse"}},{"broad_division_id":5,"value":52,"region_labels":{"3":"Allied Health Student (year 2)","1":"Allied Health Student (year 2)","2":"Allied Health Student (year 2)","4":"Allied Health Student (year 2)"}},{"broad_division_id":5,"value":53,"region_labels":{"3":"Allied Health Student (year 3)","4":"Allied Health Student (year 3)","1":"Allied Health Student (year 3)","2":"Allied Health Student (year 3)"}},{"broad_division_id":5,"value":54,"region_labels":{"3":"Allied Health Student (year 4)","1":"Allied Health Student (year 4)","2":"Allied Health Student (year 4)","4":"Allied Health Student (year 4)"}},{"broad_division_id":5,"value":55,"region_labels":{"3":"Allied Health Student (year 5+)","2":"Allied Health Student (year 5+)","1":"Allied Health Student (year 5+)","4":"Allied Health Student (year 5+)"}},{"broad_division_id":5,"value":56,"region_labels":{"3":"Allied Health Professional","4":"Allied Health Professional","1":"Allied Health Professional","2":"Allied Health Professional"}},{"broad_division_id":6,"value":57,"region_labels":{"3":"Undergraduate 1","1":"Undergraduate 1","4":"Undergraduate 1","2":"Undergraduate 1"}},{"broad_division_id":6,"value":58,"region_labels":{"3":"Undergraduate 2","1":"Undergraduate 2","4":"Undergraduate 2","2":"Undergraduate 2"}},{"broad_division_id":6,"value":59,"region_labels":{"3":"Undergraduate 3","1":"Undergraduate 3","2":"Undergraduate 3","4":"Undergraduate 3"}},{"broad_division_id":6,"value":60,"region_labels":{"3":"Undergraduate 4","2":"Undergraduate 4","1":"Undergraduate 4","4":"Undergraduate 4"}},{"broad_division_id":6,"value":61,"region_labels":{"3":"Undergraduate 5","4":"Undergraduate 5","2":"Undergraduate 5","1":"Undergraduate 5"}},{"broad_division_id":6,"value":62,"region_labels":{"3":"Postgraduate 1","2":"Postgraduate 1","4":"Postgraduate 1","1":"Postgraduate 1"}},{"broad_division_id":6,"value":63,"region_labels":{"3":"Postgraduate 2","2":"Postgraduate 2","4":"Postgraduate 2","1":"Postgraduate 2"}},{"broad_division_id":6,"value":64,"region_labels":{"3":"Postgraduate 3","1":"Postgraduate 3","4":"Postgraduate 3","2":"Postgraduate 3"}},{"broad_division_id":6,"value":65,"region_labels":{"3":"Postgraduate 4","2":"Postgraduate 4","4":"Postgraduate 4","1":"Postgraduate 4"}}],"default_training_region_id":1,"en_us_country_ids":[5,12,20,31,33,48,51,52,53,62,63,65,93,96,99,101,114,122,130,159,167,175,176,188,209,212,228,234,235,236,239,240,242],"selected_country_id":235,"email":"","container_id":"signup-modal-container"}

Hyoid bone

Dr Candace Makeda Moore and Dr Matt A. Morgan ◉ et al.

The hyoid is a "horseshoe-shaped" bone that serves as a structural anchor in the mid-neck. It is the only bone in the human body that does not directly articulate with another bone (other than sesamoids). It is a place of convergence of multiple small neck muscles that permit the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. The location of structures in the neck are often described in terms of relation to the hyoid (i.e. suprahyoid neck; infrahyoid neck).

On this page:

Article:

Summary
Gross anatomy
Radiographic features
Related pathology
Related articles
References

Images:

Cases and figures

Summary

location: midline structure located between the mandible and the thyroid cartilage and anterior to the pharynx at the level of C3
- the level of the hyoid separates lymph node levels II from III in the lateral neck and levels Ia and VI in the anterior neck
articulations: none
blood supply: branches of the external carotid artery
relations: numerous muscles insert on the hyoid, detailed below

Gross anatomy

The hyoid bone is located in the mid-neck, above the thyroid cartilage, anterior to the trachea. It is divided into three parts:

body
greater horn (one on each side, symmetric)
lesser horn (one on each side, symmetric)

Attachments

Multiple small neck muscles insert onto different parts of the hyoid ⁴:

body
- suprahyoid muscles
  - mylohyoid muscle
  - geniohyoid muscle
  - digastric muscles (indirectly)
  - stylohyoid muscle (indirectly)
- genioglossus muscle inferior fibers (indirectly)
- infrahyoid (strap) muscles
body and greater horn
- hyoglossus muscle
greater horn
- middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle

Several ligaments attach to the hyoid:

lesser horn
- stylohyoid ligament
body
- hyoepiglottic ligament
body and greater horn
- thyrohyoid membrane, including median thyrohyoid ligament

Blood supply

Branches of the external carotid artery, predominantly the infrahyoid branch of the superior thyroid artery, and branches of the lingual artery.

Relations

The position of the hyoid defines a few lymph node levels of the neck:

anteriorly: hyoid separates levels Ia (above) from VI (below)
laterally: hyoid separates level II from level III

Radiographic features

The hyoid is the ossified horseshoe-shaped structure just superior to the thyroid cartilage.

Related pathology

Movement of the hyoid (hyoid elevation) is an indication of the strength of the pharyngeal muscles during a modified barium swallow study.

References

Anatomy: Head and neck

Article information

rID: 38410

System: Head & Neck

Section: Anatomy

Tag: cases, anatomy, cases

Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:

Support Radiopaedia and see fewer ads

Cases and figures

Figure 1Figure 1

Drag here to reorder.

Figure 2Figure 2

Drag here to reorder.

Figure 3 Figure 3

Drag here to reorder.

Case 1: hyoid (blue arrow) Case 1: hyoid (blue arrow)

Drag here to reorder.

Updating… Please wait.

Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.

Thank you for updating your details.