Hypervascular head and neck lesions are findings that enhance avidly after biphasic injection, on contrast-enhanced CT or MRI of the neck.
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Anatomical variants
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hyperdense soft tissue mass on non contrast-CT
intense homogeneous enhancement after contrast injection
Vascular malformations
Neoplastic
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polar vessel sign
on non-contrast imaging, they are less dense than the thyroid parenchyma
hypercalcemia with elevated PTH
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paragangliomas of the head and neck
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most common paraganglioma of the head and neck
arise from the carotid body, and splays the carotid bifurcation
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second most common head and neck paraganglioma
arise from the glomus tympanicum
confined to the middle ear overlying the cochlear promontory
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arise from the glomus jugulare
irregular and eroded bony margins with a moth-eaten pattern
erosion of the jugular spine
extends into the middle ear
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arise from the glomus jugulotympanicum
extends between the cochlear promontory and jugular foramen
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lymphadenopathy - lymphoproliferative disorders