In utero infections, also known as congenital infections, can result from a vast number of etiological organisms and account for 2% to 3% of all congenital anomalies 4.
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TORCH group:
- in utero toxoplasmosis infection / congenital toxoplasmosis infection:
- other: see below
- in utero rubella infection
- in utero cytomegalovirus infection: most common in utero infection
- in utero herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection
- in utero syphilis infection
- in utero parvovirus B19 infection
- in utero varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection
- AIDS embryopathy / in utero HIV infection
Pathology
Associations
There is some evidence to suggest an association of in utero infection with adult onset schizophrenia 1.
Radiographic features
Antenatal ultrasound
Intracranial sequel are most commonly observed. Other general features include:
- abnormal amniotic fluid volumes: can be either oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios 2
- placentomegaly 2
More detailed epidemiology, radiographic features and pathology are best discussed under individual topics.
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