Leiomyosarcoma

Last revised by Henry Knipe on 16 Feb 2023

Leiomyosarcomas are extremely rare malignant neoplasms that originate from smooth muscle cells and may be considered the malignant counterpart of a leiomyoma. They are classified as soft-tissue tumors and account for approximately 8% of malignant soft-tissue tumors 10.

Leiomyosarcomas can potentially occur anywhere there is smooth muscle. Commonly described sites include the following:

Other sites include:

Morphological imaging features would be invariably dependent on the site (refer to individual articles). Generally, they tend to be large masses, especially in cases of abdominopelvic lesions.

  • generally heterogeneous

  • commonly demonstrate central low attenuation representing necrosis 12

  • calcification exceedingly rare

The tumor frequently demonstrates cystic foci. Signal characteristics include:

  • T1: isointense to muscle 

  • T2 non-fat suppressed: intermediate to hypointense to neighboring fat 

  • T2 FS: predominantly hyperintense 

For a meaningful differential, it is necessary to consider site-specific tumors.

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