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Male breast cancer

Dr Yuranga Weerakkody ◉ and Dr Jeremy Jones ◉ et al.

Male breast cancer is exceptionally rare and only accounts for less than 0.25% of male malignancies and ~0.5-1% of all breast cancer (both genders). The diagnosis is sometimes delayed due to the patient's hesitancy to seek advice. Workup from a radiological point of view is the same as for women including the use of needle biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

On this page:

Article:

Epidemiology
Clinical presentation
Pathology
Radiographic features
Treatment and prognosis
Related articles
References

Images:

Cases and figures

Epidemiology

The average age of diagnosis of male breast cancer is 60-70 years, which is later than female breast cancer.

Clinical presentation

Most commonly men present with a painless subareolar mass. Male breast cancer is also reported to present at a relatively advanced stage compared with female breast cancer ⁸.

Pathology

Histologically, the vast majority are invasive ductal carcinoma (85-90%) or ductal carcinoma in situ.

Risk factors

Recognized risk factors include:

exposure to ionizing radiation: especially to the chest wall
cryptorchidism
testicular injury / infectious orchitis ^ref
increased levels of estradiol
- consider this risk in transgender patients
Klinefelter syndrome
liver dysfunction: cirrhosis
prostate cancer
family history: ~30% of cases can have a positive family history
chest trauma
age
certain racial groups: may have a comparatively higher incidence
BRCA2 gene mutation ²

Please note gynecomastia is not a risk factor per se.

Location

can occur anywhere within the breast but favors the subareolar area or the upper outer quadrant
favors a slightly eccentric location in relative to the nipple ⁷

Genetics

The genetic predisposition for breast cancer can be inherited from both mother and father. First line family history includes both genders.

Radiographic features

Mammography

Typically seen as a subareolar mass (often round, oval, or lobulated) and at times can be masked by the presence of concurrent gynecomastia ³. Calcifications tend to be fewer in number and coarser than female breast cancer ¹.

Treatment and prognosis

The overall prognosis tends to be worse than for female breast cancer which may due to men presenting at later stages (i.e. when the mass has grown to a palpable level).

Quiz questions

References

Breast imaging and pathology

Article information

rID: 9029

System: Breast, Oncology

Tag: cases, breastcancer

Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:

Male breast carcinoma
Breast cancer in men
Cancer of the male breast
Carcinoma of the male breast

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