Myometrial cysts

Last revised by Daniel J Bell on 24 Mar 2020

Myometrial cysts are cysts seen in the myometrium and these can be differentiated appropriately based on location and sonological or Doppler features.

Pathology

Etiology

They can arise from variable etiology and include:

  • adenomyosis: these cysts are most often seen in the endomyometrial junction region. They ideally are small <5 mm, however may be large; as it is a basic ectopic functioning endometrial gland, the cysts may be thick walled, have internal debris, or fluid-fluid levels.
  • arcuate veins: not really cysts but these cystic structures are classically seen in the outer third of the uterus and on Doppler demonstrate flow
  • nabothian cysts in cervix; these are relatively common and are classically seen in the region of cervix
  • post-Cesarean cyst: seen in the lower uterine segment in the anterior aspect, near the Cesarean scar; it most often will be associated with the wedge-shaped defect in the endometrium
  • cystic degeneration of a leiomyoma

Other rare cyst-like lesions include

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