Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis

Last revised by Arlene Campos on 31 Jan 2024

Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OS-CS) is a clinically separate entity from osteopathia striata (Voorhoeve disease). Bony changes on their own are typically incidental and autosomal dominant, whereas OS-CS is a multisystem, X-linked dominant disorder.

OS-CS is extremely rare, with a prevalence of less than 0.1 in 1 million 1.

In rare cases, OS-CS has been reported in association with Robin sequence, Hirschsprung disease, and laryngotracheomalacia.

OS-CS is a clinically heterogeneous condition, with the severity and the clinical presentation varying significantly between people, including individuals within the same family.

Features are usually present at birth, and associated pathologies range from mild skeletal changes to multisystem organ involvement, including:

  • developmental delay

  • hearing loss

  • cranial nerve palsies due to narrowing of the nerve canals and foramina

  • cataracts

  • macrocephaly and facial dysmorphisms including frontal bossing and hypertelorism

  • cardiac defects including ventricular septal defect and aortic stenosis

  • anomalies of the extremities such as clubfoot

OS-CS is associated with mutations in the Wilms tumor gene on the X chromosome (WTX gene) and is inherited in an X-linked dominant manner, resulting in more severe disease and mortality in many affected males 2.

The radiological findings of cranial sclerosis, linear striations of the metaphyses of long bones, and fan-like striations of the iliac crest are the hallmarks of OS-CS.

There is no curative treatment for OS-CS. Management is generally multidisciplinary and aims to provide control of associated conditions and complications.

Due to the large spectrum of associated features, the prognosis is dependent on the severity of the patient’s condition. As would be expected, those cases with severe manifestations and those associated with other pathologies such as Hirschprung disease or Robin sequence have a poor prognosis.

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