Placentomegaly

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Placentomegaly is a term applied to an abnormally enlarged placenta.

Pathology

Associations

It can be associated with number of maternal and fetal disorders which include:

maternal:
- maternal anaemia(s)
- maternal diabetes
fetal:
- ~~chromosomal anomalies~~
  ~~triploid: with extra set from paternal origin~~
  umbilical vein obstruction
- fetal high output failure
fetal malformation
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome ^1,5
- sacrococcygeal teratoma
- hydrops fetalis : as well as the many underlying conditions that cause it
- chromosomal anomalies
  - triploid: with extra set from paternal origin
in utero infection ⁸
~~placental chorioangioma~~
Finnish type congenital nephrotic syndrome ⁶

fetomaternal hemorrhage

placental abnormalities

Radiographic assessment

Antenatal ultrasound

May show an increase in placental thickness and/or placental extent. The increase in size may be homo or heterogeneous dependent on the cause. The maximum thickness considered normal at any stage in pregnancy is often taken at 4 cm.

Differential diagnosis

The differential for an apparent increased in placental size on ultrasound includes:

retroplacental haematoma: especially when it is isoechoic, e.g. from a placental abruption

+<li>chronic intrauterine infections</li>
+<li>alpha-thalassemia</li>
~~-<li>~~
~~-<a href="/articles/chromosomal-anomalies">chromosomal anomalies </a><ul><li>~~
~~-<a href="/articles/triploidy">triploid</a>: with extra set from paternal origin</li></ul>~~
~~-</li>~~
~~-<li>~~
~~-<a href="/articles/hydatidiform-mole">hydatidiform mole</a> : <a href="/articles/partial-mole">partial mole</a>~~
~~-</li>~~
+<li>umbilical vein obstruction</li>
+<li>fetal high output failure</li>
+<li>fetal malformation<ul>
+<li>sacrococcygeal teratoma</li>
+<a href="/articles/chromosomal-anomalies">chromosomal anomalies</a><ul><li>
+<a href="/articles/triploidy">triploid</a>: with extra set from paternal origin</li></ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<li>
+<a href="/articles/finnish-type-congenital-nephrotic-syndrome">Finnish type congenital nephrotic syndrome</a> 6
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>fetomaternal hemorrhage</li>
+<li>placental abnormalities<ul>
+<li>intraplacetnal hemorrhage </li>
~~-<a href="/articles/finnish-type-congenital-nephrotic-syndrome">Finnish type congenital nephrotic syndrome</a> 6~~
+<a href="/articles/hydatidiform-mole">hydatidiform mole</a> : <a href="/articles/partial-mole">partial mole</a>
+<li><a title="Placental venous lakes" href="/articles/placental-venous-lakes">placental venous lakes</a></li>