Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Last revised by Derek Smith on 7 Jul 2023

Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data

Citation:

Gaillard F, Smith D, Hapugoda S, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 19 Apr 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-53234

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-53234

Permalink:

https://radiopaedia.org/articles/53234

rID:

53234

Article created:

8 May 2017, Frank Gaillard ◉ ◈

Disclosures:

At the time the article was created Frank Gaillard had no recorded disclosures.

View Frank Gaillard's current disclosures

Last revised:

7 Jul 2023, Derek Smith ◉

Disclosures:

At the time the article was last revised Derek Smith had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.

View Derek Smith's current disclosures

Revisions:

3 times, by 3 contributors - see full revision history and disclosures

Systems:

Central Nervous System

Synonyms:

PML-IRIS
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (PML-IRIS)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (PML-IRIS) is a form of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) seen in patients who are immunomodulated and develop an aggressive form of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).

Two types of PML-IRIS are recognized:

PML-s-IRIS: simultaneous development of IRIS and PML due to immune reconstitution
PML-d-IRIS: immune reconstitution worsens preexisting PML

Both PML-s-IRIS and PML-d-IRIS are encountered in HIV/AIDS ¹ and multiple sclerosis, particularly in JC virus positive patients in the setting of prolonged treatment with natalizumab ².