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Pulmonary nodule

Dr Alexander Nikolaev and Dr Jeremy Jones ◉ et al.

Pulmonary nodules are small, rounded opacities within the pulmonary interstitium. Pulmonary nodules are common and, as the spatial resolution of CT scanners has increased, detection of smaller and smaller nodules has occurred, which are more often an incidental finding.

On this page:

Article:

Classification
Radiographic features
Differential diagnosis
See also
References

Images:

Cases and figures
Imaging differential diagnosis

Classification

Pulmonary nodules can be classified according to size, morphology and/or distribution.

Size

Morphology

Distribution

Radiographic features

They are generally homogeneous (without air bronchograms or alveolograms) and are well-defined since their margins are sharp and they are surrounded by normal aerated lung. They are quite separate from airspace nodules that often have an irregular margin and are usually ~8 mm in diameter. (For further discussion, see the article on nodular opacification.)

Differential diagnosis

The differential diagnosis for a nodule can be refined by its size, location, and density. Solitary pulmonary nodules and hyperdense pulmonary nodules are discussed further elsewhere.

A micronodular or miliary pattern is predominately seen in granulomatous processes, haematogenous pulmonary metastases, and pneumoconioses. Nodules and masses are most often seen in metastatic disease to the lung.

Always be aware of artifacts, especially on radiographs, where buttons or nipple shadows can often be mistaken for a true pulmonary nodule ⁷.

See also

References

Article information

rID: 10187

System: Chest

Section: Gamuts, Classifications, Approach

Tag: refs

Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:

Intrapulmonary nodule
Lung nodule
Pulmonary nodules
Pulmonary nodule
Lung nodules
Intrapulmonary nodules

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Cases and figures

Figure 1: centrilobular distributionFigure 1: centrilobular distribution

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Case 1Case 1

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Figure 2: perilymphatic distributionFigure 2: perilymphatic distribution

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Case 2Case 2

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Figure 3: random distributionFigure 3: random distribution

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Case 3Case 3

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