Sacral agenesis (also considered as part of the caudal regression syndrome) is a rare and severe sacral developmental abnormality.
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Epidemiology
In normal pregnancy, the incidence is between 0.005 and 0.1%. However, in fetuses with diabetic mothers, the incidence rises to 0.2%. Of those with the condition, 16-20% have diabetic mothers.
Pathology
Associations
- increased frequency of spinal dysraphism
- Currarino triad
Classification
Sacral agenesis can be categorized into four types 1:
- type I: unilateral agenesis localized to sacrum or coccyx
- type II: partial agenesis with bilateral defects; the iliac bone articulates with S1, but the distal sacral elements fail to develop
- type III: total sacral agenesis; iliac bones articulate with the lowest lumbar element
- type IV: total sacral agenesis; iliac bones fuse posteriorly
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