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Sternum

Dr Joshua Yip and Dr James Bain et al.

The sternum completes the anterior chest wall as the ventral breastplate.

On this page:

Article:

Gross anatomy
Blood supply
Nerve supply
Lymphatics
Variant anatomy
See also
Related articles
References

Images:

Cases and figures

Gross anatomy

The sternum is composed of a manubrium, a body and the inferior xiphisternum or xiphoid process. These articulations are via hyaline cartilage with a fibrocartilaginous intervening disc:

the manubrium is flat and four-sided, wider superiorly
the body is a flat rectangular bone that has grooves (facets) on its lateral border for articulation with the ribs:
- approximately 20 cm long
- 3-4 cm wide
- 1 cm thick
the xiphoid process is a thin bony projection inferiorly

Articulations

superiorly the manubrium attaches to the neck where the two deep layers of cervical investing fascia insert
the manubrium articulates with the first rib and clavicle
the body articulates with the second rib at the angle of Louis as well as the 2^nd to 7^th rib and costal cartilages
inferiorly articulates with xiphoid cartilaginous joint

Attachments

Musculotendinous

muscular attachments: sternocleidomastoid, intercostal muscles, pectoralis major, sternohyoid, sternothyroid
transversus thoracis arises from the posterior surface of the body
the xiphisternum attaches to linea alba

Ligamentous

sternopericardial ligaments secure the fibrous pericardium to it
interclavicular ligament
anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments (thickenings of the sternoclavicular joint capsule)

Blood supply

nutrient branches from internal thoracic (mammary) artery and vein
deep to the sternum is the internal thoracic artery and veins laterally

Nerve supply

nerve supply is via intercostal nerves (which arise from the anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves)

Lymphatics

chain of internal mammary lymph nodes

Variant anatomy

episternal ossicle
manubriosternal and sternoxiphoidal fusion
sternal and xiphoid foramen
sternal cleft and band
sternal defect (notch)
tilted sternum: oblique instead of horizontal orientation in the medial-lateral plane ⁵
suprasternal tubercle
unfused sternal body segments
xiphoid shape variations

See also

References

Anatomy: Thoracic

thoracic skeleton
- thoracic cage
  - ribs
    - typical ribs
    - atypical ribs
    - variant anatomy
      - bifid ribs
  - costal cartilage
  - sternum
- thoracic spine
- articulations
muscles of the thorax
spaces of the thorax
thoracic viscera
blood supply of the thorax
- arteries
  - thoracic aorta (development)
  - pulmonary trunk
    - left pulmonary artery
      - aberrant left pulmonary artery
    - right pulmonary artery
- veins
  - superior vena cava (cavoatrial junction)
  - inferior vena cava
  - coronary veins
    - cardiac veins which drain into the coronary sinus
      - great cardiac vein
      - middle cardiac vein
      - small cardiac vein
      - posterior vein of the left ventricle
      - vein of Marshall (oblique vein of the left atrium)
    - anterior cardiac veins
    - venae cordis minimae (smallest cardiac veins or thebesian veins)
  - pulmonary veins
    - bronchial veins
lymphatics
innervation of the thorax

Article information

rID: 46816

System: Chest

Section: Anatomy

Tag: sternum, manubrium, xiphisternum

Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:

Sternum (anatomy)
Breastbone

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Cases and figures

Case 1: tilted sternumCase 1: tilted sternum

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