The Stewart classification for proximal fifth metatarsal fractures is based upon fracture location and morphology. It is divided into five types.
Classification
Type I
- extra-articular transverse or oblique fracture between base of 5th metatarsal and diaphysis (Jones fracture)
Type II
- avulsion fracture of base of 5th metatarsal with intra-articular extension
- may have one or two fracture lines
Type III
- avulsion fracture of styloid process of 5th metatarsal
- fracture line usually makes a right angle to the long axis of the metatarsal base
Type IV
- intra-articular comminuted fracture
Type V
- usually occurs in children
- partial epiphyseal avulsion with or without fracture line
- can be classified as Salter-Harris I type fracture
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