Synovial haemangioma
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Synovial haemangiomas is a are rare benign vascular malformationmalformations that occursoccur in relation to the joint. It is sometimes considered a sub type of soft tissue haemangiomas.
Epidemiology
The lesions typically present in children and young adults. Occasionally patients can have recurrent haemarthroses 8.
Clinical presentation
Patients may have pain, swelling and / or/or limited joint mobility.
Pathology
The lesions can be cavernous, capillary or mixed.
Location
Most lesions tend to occur around the knee 1.
Radiographic features
Plain film
Plain film findings are generally non- specificnonspecific and may be seen a soft tissue mass adjacent to the knee. Accompanying phleboliths may be present.
MRI
Typically seen as a lobulated intra-articular mass (although the lesions can be either lolubatedlobulated of diffuse).
Signal characteristics include:
- T1: usually of intermediate signal 4
-
T2
:- markedly hyper intense background ; likely from pooled blood within vascular spaces 4
- low-signal-intensity linear structures within lesion ; likely from fibrous septa or vascular channels 4
- fluid-fluid levels may be present
-
T1 C+
(Gd):showsmarked enhancement 5
Differential diagnosis
Imaging differential considerations include
-
cystic synovial hyperplasia: usually peripheral enhancement only 5
. - synovial chondromatosis
- pigmented villo-nodular synovitis (PVNS)
-<p>A <strong>synovial haemangioma</strong> is a rare benign vascular malformation that occurs in relation to the joint. It is sometimes considered a sub type of <a href="/articles/soft-tissue-haemangioma-1" title="Soft tissue haemangiomas">soft tissue haemangiomas</a>.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>The lesions typically present in children and young adults. Occasionally patients can have recurrent <a href="/articles/haemarthrosis" title="haemarthrosis">haemarthroses</a> <sup>8</sup>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Patients may have pain, swelling and / or limited joint mobility.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>The lesions can be cavernous, capillary or mixed. </p><h5>Location</h5><p>Most lesions tend to occur around the knee <sup>1</sup>.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><h5>Plain film</h5><p>Plain film findings are generally non- specific and may be seen a soft tissue mass adjacent to the knee. Accompanying phleboliths may be present. </p><h5>MRI</h5><p>Typically seen as a lobulated intra-articular mass (although the lesions can be either lolubated of diffuse).</p><p>Signal characteristics include </p><ul>-<li>-<strong>T1</strong> : usually of intermediate signal <sup>4</sup>-</li>-<li>-<strong>T2</strong> : <ul>- +<p><strong>Synovial haemangiomas</strong> are rare benign vascular malformations that occur in relation to the joint. It is sometimes considered a sub type of <a href="/articles/soft-tissue-venous-malformations">soft tissue haemangiomas</a>.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>The lesions typically present in children and young adults. Occasionally patients can have recurrent <a href="/articles/haemarthrosis">haemarthroses</a> <sup>8</sup>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Patients may have pain, swelling and/or limited joint mobility.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>The lesions can be cavernous, capillary or mixed. </p><h5>Location</h5><p>Most lesions tend to occur around the knee <sup>1</sup>.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><h5>Plain film</h5><p>Plain film findings are generally nonspecific and may be seen a soft tissue mass adjacent to the knee. Accompanying phleboliths may be present. </p><h5>MRI</h5><p>Typically seen as a lobulated intra-articular mass (although the lesions can be either lobulated of diffuse).</p><p>Signal characteristics include:</p><ul>
- +<li>
- +<strong>T1</strong>: usually of intermediate signal <sup>4</sup>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>T2</strong> <ul>
-</li>- +</li>
-</li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/fluid-fluid-level-containing-bone-lesions" title="Skeletal mass with fluid-fluid levels">fluid-fluid levels</a> may be present </li>- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/fluid-fluid-level-containing-bone-lesions">fluid-fluid levels</a> may be present </li>
-</li>-<li>-<strong>T1 C+ (Gd)</strong> : shows marked enhancement <sup>5</sup>-</li>- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>T1 C+</strong>: marked enhancement <sup>5</sup>
- +</li>
-<li>-<a href="/articles/cystic-synovial-hyperplasia" title="cystic synovial hyperplasia">cystic synovial hyperplasia</a> : usually peripheral enhancement only <sup>5</sup>. </li>-<li><a href="/articles/primary-synovial-chondromatosis" title="Synovial chondromatosis">synovial chondromatosis</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/pigmented-villonodular-synovitis" title="Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS)">pigmented villo-nodular synovitis (PVNS)</a></li>- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/cystic-synovial-hyperplasia">cystic synovial hyperplasia</a>: usually peripheral enhancement only <sup>5</sup>
- +</li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/primary-synovial-chondromatosis">synovial chondromatosis</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/pigmented-villonodular-synovitis">pigmented villo-nodular synovitis (PVNS)</a></li>
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