Primary tracheal and endobronchial lesions are generally rare and can be either malignant or benign. The majority of these lesions are malignant.
Pathology
Malignant
- primary malignant endobronchial lesions
- bronchogenic adenocarcinoma
- squamous cell carcinoma: commonest malignant lesion in the tracheal region
- small cell carcinoma
- bronchial carcinoid
- mucoepidermoid carcinoma: tracheal mucoepidermoid carcinoma
- adenoid cystic carcinoma
- endobronchial metastases
Benign
- pulmonary hamartoma: most common benign neoplasm in lung 3
- pulmonary leiomyoma/tracheal leiomyoma
- endobronchial lipoma
- squamous cell papilloma: most common benign neoplasm in the trachea 3, occurs as part of laryngotracheal papillomatosis
- thoracic pleomorphic adenoma
- granular cell tumors, e.g. Abrikossov tumor/myoblastoma 5
- endobronchial hemangioma
- endobronchial fibroma
- neurogenic tumors
- inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
Non-neoplastic
- amyloidoma
- fibroepithelial polyp
- bronchial tuberculosis