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Tracheal bronchus

Dr Pir Abdul Ahad Aziz and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody ◉ et al.

A tracheal bronchus (with some variations also known as a pig bronchus) is an anatomical variant where an accessory bronchus originates directly from the supracarinal trachea. The latter term (pig bronchus or bronchus suis) is often given when the entire upper lobe (usually right side) is supplied by this bronchus ⁵.

However, this term is used in some literature to encompass a wider spectrum of abnormalities including accessory bronchi originating from either the trachea or main bronchi.

On this page:

Article:

Epidemiology
Clinical presentation
Pathology
Radiographic features
History and etymology
Related articles
References

Images:

Cases and figures

Epidemiology

Incidence is estimated at ~1% (range 0.1-2%), and there is a marked right sided predilection ^1-2,5.

Clinical presentation

Often incidentally discovered and most patients are asymptomatic. Occasionally patients may have a recurrent (right) upper lobe pneumonia due to focal emphysematous change.

Pathology

Tracheal bronchi arise from the right lateral wall of the trachea usually at a distance of <2 cm from the level of the carina ⁵.

They can be classified into two main types:

supernumerary: usual bronchial supply to affected lung segment is concurrently present
displaced: usual bronchial supply to affected lung segment is concurrently absent

Radiographic features

CT

CT is the best modality for assessing the anatomy and allows direct visualization and orientation of the anomalous bronchus. Coronal multi-planar reconstructions in "lung window" settings are the most helpful and is best in depicting this anomaly.

History and etymology

It was initially described by Sandifort in 1785 ².

References

Anatomy: Thoracic

thoracic skeleton
- thoracic cage
  - ribs
    - typical ribs
    - atypical ribs
    - variant anatomy
      - bifid ribs
  - costal cartilage
  - sternum
- thoracic spine
- articulations
muscles of the thorax
spaces of the thorax
thoracic viscera
blood supply of the thorax
- arteries
  - thoracic aorta (development)
  - pulmonary trunk
    - left pulmonary artery
      - aberrant left pulmonary artery
    - right pulmonary artery
- veins
  - superior vena cava (cavoatrial junction)
  - inferior vena cava
  - coronary veins
    - cardiac veins which drain into the coronary sinus
      - great cardiac vein
      - middle cardiac vein
      - small cardiac vein
      - posterior vein of the left ventricle
      - vein of Marshall (oblique vein of the left atrium)
    - anterior cardiac veins
    - venae cordis minimae (smallest cardiac veins or thebesian veins)
  - pulmonary veins
    - bronchial veins
lymphatics
innervation of the thorax

Article information

rID: 9990

System: Chest

Section: Anatomy

Tag: variant

Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:

Pig bronchus
Bronchus suis
Tracheal bronchi

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Cases and figures

Figure 1: annotation of anatomy Figure 1: annotation of anatomy

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Case 1Case 1

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Case 2Case 2

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Case 3: virtual broncoscopyCase 3: virtual broncoscopy

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Case 4Case 4

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Case 5Case 5

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Case 6Case 6

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Case 7Case 7

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Case 8Case 8

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