Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (staging)
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder staging uses the TNM system which has replaced the previously widely used Jewett-Scott-Marshall tumour staging system. It is very similar to the staging of TCC of the renal pelvis and staging of TCC of the ureter.
TNM staging
T
- Ta: non-invasive papillary tumour
- Tis: in situ (non-invasive flat)
- T1: through lamina propria into sub-epithelial connective tissues
-
T2: into muscularis propria
- T2a: only invades inner half of the muscle
- T2b: invades into outer half of the muscle
-
T3: invasion into perivesical tissues
- T3a: microscopic extravesical invasion
- T3b: macroscopic extravesical invasion
-
T4: direct invasion into adjacent structures
- T4a: prostate, uterus, vaginal vault
- T4b: pelvic side wall and/or abdominal wall
N
Nodal staging is the same for TCC of any part of the urinary tract.
- N0: no nodal involvement
- N1: single node involved <2 cm
-
N2
- single node 2-5 cm or
- multiple nodes all <5 cm 2
-3,3
- N3: one or more nodes >5 cm
M
- M0: no metastases
- M1: metastases identified
Staging groups
Individual TNM stages can then be grouped 3-4,4:
- stage 0: Ta or Tis, N0, M0
- stage I: T1, N0, M0
- stage II: T2(a or b), N0, M0
- stage III: T3(a or b) or T4a, N0, M0
-
stage IV
- T4b, any N, any M
- N1-3, any T, any M
-<li>multiple nodes all <5 cm <sup>2-3</sup>- +<li>multiple nodes all <5 cm <sup>2,3</sup>
-</ul><h4>Staging groups</h4><p>Individual TNM stages can then be grouped <sup>3-4</sup>:</p><ul>- +</ul><h4>Staging groups</h4><p>Individual TNM stages can then be grouped <sup>3,4</sup>:</p><ul>