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Twelfth rib

Dr Dinesh Palipana et al.

The twelfth rib is an atypical rib. It is the shortest rib, and one of two floating ribs.

On this page:

Article:

Gross anatomy
Attachments
Related pathology
Related articles
References

Gross anatomy

Osteology

The 12^th rib has a single facet on its head for articulation with the T12 vertebra. It has a short neck and no tubercle. It also lacks a costal groove and angle. internal surface of this word about slopes slightly upwards.

The pointed anterior end of the 12^th rib is covered with costal cartilage. Its length is highly variable.

Attachments

quadratus lumborum: anterior inferior surface on the medial half
internal intercostal muscle: medially at or near the upper border of the anterior surface
external intercostal muscle: the upper border of the external surface
diaphragm: laterally at or near the upper border
lumbocostal ligament: posteriorly, near the head, running to the first lumbar transverse process
levator costae: external surface medially
longissimus thoracis: external surface medially
iliocostalis: external surface medially
serratus posterior inferior: external surface laterally
latissimus dorsi: external surface laterally
external oblique: external surface laterally

Related pathology

infection, e.g. septic arthritis, osteomyelitis
malignancy, e.g. chondrosarcoma, enchondroma, metastases
trauma, e.g. fracture
- fracture of the twelfth rib is rare
- may be associated with retroperitoneal hemorrhage, adrenal/splenic/renal trauma, and thoracolumbar vertebral injury

References

Anatomy: Thoracic

thoracic skeleton
- thoracic cage
  - ribs
    - typical ribs
    - atypical ribs
    - variant anatomy
      - bifid ribs
      - Srb anomaly
  - costal cartilage
  - sternum
- thoracic spine
- articulations
muscles of the thorax
spaces of the thorax
thoracic viscera
blood supply of the thorax
- arteries
  - thoracic aorta (development)
  - pulmonary trunk
    - left pulmonary artery
      - aberrant left pulmonary artery
    - right pulmonary artery
- veins
  - superior vena cava (cavoatrial junction)
  - inferior vena cava
  - coronary veins
    - cardiac veins which drain into the coronary sinus
      - great cardiac vein
      - middle cardiac vein
      - small cardiac vein
      - posterior vein of the left ventricle
      - vein of Marshall (oblique vein of the left atrium)
    - anterior cardiac veins
    - venae cordis minimae (smallest cardiac veins or thebesian veins)
  - pulmonary veins
    - bronchial veins
lymphatics
innervation of the thorax

Article information

rID: 44312

System: Chest, Musculoskeletal

Section: Anatomy

Tag: cases

Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:

12th rib

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