White matter changes in HIV

Last revised by Rohit Sharma on 7 Aug 2023

White matter changes in HIV have overlapping appearances and varied in etiology.

These can be divided into:

  • primary effects of HIV

  • opportunistic infection

  • neoplasms

  • vascular disease

  • metabolic and nutritional disorders

  • unknown mechanism

Primary effects of HIV
Opportunistic infection
Neoplasms
Vascular disease
  • HIV associated cerebral vasculopathy 2

    • appears similar to cerebral vasculitis, but without the histopathological changes

    • leucoclastic vasculitis of the vasa vasorum identified

    • may affect large, medium and small vessels

    • may respond to ART

Metabolic and nutritional disorders
Unknown mechanism

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