White matter disorders
Last revised by Frank Gaillard on 14 Jan 2019
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Gaillard F, White matter disorders. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 23 Apr 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-5253
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rID:
5253
Article created:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Frank Gaillard had no recorded disclosures.
View Frank Gaillard's current disclosures
Last revised:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Frank Gaillard had no recorded disclosures.
View Frank Gaillard's current disclosures
Revisions:
2 times, by
1 contributor -
see full revision history and disclosures
Systems:
Synonyms:
- White matter diseases
White matter diseases are a group of conditions that predominantly or significantly affect the white matter of the brain. They comprise a vast heterogeneous group and have a variety of appearances and presentations. They cause disease by altering the process of normal myelination.
Useful groupings
White matter disease can be broadly grouped into:
-
demyelinating disorders
- damage and/or destruction of previously normally myelinated structures
- e.g. multiple sclerosis, ADEM
-
dysmyelinating disorders
- abnormal structure and function of myelin, usually secondary to a hereditary disorder
- e.g. leukodystrophies (note, however, that many leukodystrophies have a demyelinating component)
-
hypomyelinating disorders
- reduction in the amount of otherwise normal myelin
- e.g. hypomyelination of prematurity
References
- 1. Weissleder R, Wittenberg J, Harisinghani MG. Primer of diagnostic imaging. Mosby Inc. (2007) ISBN:0323040683. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
- 2. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N et-al. Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. W B Saunders Co. (2005) ISBN:0721601871. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
- 3. Sarbu N, Shih RY, Jones RV et-al. White Matter Diseases with Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation. Radiographics. 2016;36 (5): 1426-47. doi:10.1148/rg.2016160031 - Pubmed citation
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- white matter
- normal myelination
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white matter disorders
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demyelination
- anti-MOG associated encephalomyelitis
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)
- chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
- transverse myelitis
- tumefactive demyelinating lesions
- acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
- acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (AHEM)
- neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (Devic disease)
-
multiple sclerosis (MS)
-
McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS (current 2017 revision)
- previous 2016 MAGNIMS consensus
- signs
- variants
-
McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS (current 2017 revision)
- radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS)
- clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)
- astrocytopathies
- leukoaxonopathies
- early-onset neuronal degenerative disorders
- giant axonal neuropathy
- hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC)
- hypomyelination with congenital cataract
- leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation
- hypomyelination with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and leg spasticity
- pol III-related leukodystrophies
- leukovasculopathies
- CADASIL
- CARASIL
- cathepsin A-related arteriopathy with strokes and leukoencephalopathy (CARASAL)
- cerebral amyloid angiopathy
- COL4A1 brain small-vessel disease
- Fabry disease
- heterozygous HTRA1-related cerebral small vessel disease
- leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts (Labrun syndrome)
- pontine autosomal dominant microangiopathy with leukoencephalopathy (PADMAL)
- retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S)
- microgliopathies
- myelin disorders
- hypomyelination
- demyelination
- myelin vacuolisation
- other
- adult polyglucosan body disease
- adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy
- cerebrotendinous xanthomathosis
- cystic leukoencephalopathy without megalencephaly
- L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria
-
lysosomal storage diseases
- free sialic acid storage disorders (e.g. Salla disease)
- Niemann-Pick disease
- peroxisomal disorders
- Sjögren-Larsson syndrome
-
demyelination