Xiphoid shape variations
Last revised by Jeremy Jones on 2 Aug 2021
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Ibrahim D, Jones J, Glick Y, et al. Xiphoid shape variations. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 18 Apr 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-58102
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rID:
58102
Article created:
31 Jan 2018,
Dalia Ibrahim ◉
Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Dalia Ibrahim had no recorded disclosures.
View Dalia Ibrahim's current disclosures
Last revised:
2 Aug 2021,
Jeremy Jones ◉
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Jeremy Jones had no recorded disclosures.
View Jeremy Jones's current disclosures
Revisions:
5 times, by
4 contributors -
see full revision history and disclosures
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Synonyms:
- Xiphisternum variation
There is considerable anatomic variation in the shape of the xiphoid of the sternum:
- xiphoid ending is classified as single, double, or triple.
- xiphoid size varies (e.g. elongated process)
- xiphoid morphology (e.g. ventral or dorsal deviation, hook-like, reverse S-shape).
Clinical presentation
Elongated and ventrally-deviated xiphoid process might mimic an epigastric mass and cause pain 3,4.
References
- 1. Yekeler E, Tunaci M, Tunaci A, Dursun M, Acunas G. Frequency of sternal variations and anomalies evaluated by MDCT. (2006) AJR. American journal of roentgenology. 186 (4): 956-60. doi:10.2214/AJR.04.1779 - Pubmed
- 2. Chary Duraikannu, Olma V Noronha, Pushparajan Sundarrajan. MDCT evaluation of sternal variations: Pictorial essay. (2016) Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging. 26 (2): 185. doi:10.4103/0971-3026.184407 - Pubmed
- 3. Yapici Ugurlar O, Ugurlar M, Ozel A, Erturk SM. Xiphoid syndrome: an uncommon occupational disorder. (2014) Occupational medicine (Oxford, England). 64 (1): 64-6. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqt132 - Pubmed
- 4. Maigne JY, Vareli M, Rousset P, Cornelis P. Xiphodynia and prominence of the xyphoid process. Value of xiphosternal angle measurement: three case reports. (2010) Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme. 77 (5): 474-6. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.04.009 - Pubmed