Severe hydrocephalus (antenatal)

Discussion:

The differential for such an appearance is: 

  • hydranencephaly
    • thalami are often visible and are not fused
    • not associated with midline facial abnormalities
    • no cortex present or sometimes small islands of tissue
  • severe hydrocephalus
    • falx usually present, but may be absent due to severe long-standing hydrocephalus 
    • bilateral choroid plexus 
    • thalami not fused
    • not associated with midline facial abnormalities
  • alobar holoprosencephaly + / - very large dorsal cyst of holoprosencephaly
    • usually coexisting midline facial abnormalities
    • no falx
    • residual cortical tissue often has a cup or pancake morphology, fused across the mid-line anteriorly

In this case there appears to be a thin rim of cerebral tissue compressed up against the inside of the skull, favoring hydrocephalus. 

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