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What is the inheritance of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency?
Autosomal codominant. Codominance means that two different versions of the gene may be expressed, and both contribute to the trait.
What are the non-pulmonary manifestations of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency?
Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alpha-1-antitrypsin is produced by hepatocytes. Some patients may accumulate abnormal forms of the protein in the liver predisposing to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Panlobular emphysematous changes with lower lobe predominance.