Normal Waters view skull x-ray

Case contributed by Bálint Botz
Diagnosis not applicable

Patient Data

Age: 30 years
Gender: Male
x-ray

Normal transparency of the maxillary and frontal sinuses, no sign of opacification (which would suggest sinusitis). No apparent bony abnormality (note: this exam is completely obsolete in the context of trauma).

Structures of the skull are listed below:

  1. frontal sinus

  2. nasal bone

  3. ethmoidal sinus

  4. nasal septum

  5. greater wing of sphenoid

  6. infraorbital foramen

  7. foramen rotundum

  8. posterior ethmoid sinus

  9. zygomatic bone

  10. maxillary sinus

  11. aveolar recess of maxilla

  12. sphenoidal sinus

  13. foramen ovale

  14. aveolar process of maxilla

  15. condyle of the mandible

  16. petrous ridge

  17. tongue

  18. mandible

McGrigor-Campbell lines

Annotated image

There are four McGrigor-Campbell lines. Any step deformity in the lines would indicate a fracture of that particular facial bone.

Case Discussion

Negative Waters or occipitomental view of the skull.

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