Presentation
Patient on day 20 post bone marrow transplant. Headaches and hypertension. Now decreased GCS. Intracranial bleeding?
Patient Data
No intracranial hemorrhage. There are areas of ill-defined hypoattenuation involving predominantly the subcortical white-matter in both parietal and occipital lobes. The remainder of the brain parenchyma is preserved. Ventricular system and cisternal spaces appear normal. The visualized orbits, paranasal sinuses, and calvaria appear unremarkable.
The previously demonstrated abnormalities involving predominantly the subcortical white-matter in both parietal and occipital lobes in relatively symmetrical fashion corresponds to increased T2/FLAIR signal, but no diffusion restriction. Apart from a few white matter likely chronic small vessels changes, the brain has otherwise normal appearances. No abnormal contrast enhancement noted. The ventricles and basal cisterns are normal. No signs of intracranial hemorrhage. MRA of the circle of Willis arteries is unremarkable, with no signs of high-grade stenosis or vascular malformations.
Single axial FLAIR 5 weeks later demonstrates complete resolution of the occipital changes.
Case Discussion
This case illustrates the classical distribution and appearances for posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), which has drug toxicity among the possible etiological causes.
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