Articles

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16,824 results found
Article

Usual ductal hyperplasia

Usual ductal hyperplasia, also known as epithelial hyperplasia, is a benign proliferation of normal cells in breast ducts and lobules. Epidemiology The mean age of patients with epithelial hyperplasia is 54 years 1. Clinical presentation Epithelial hyperplasia is usually asymptomatic and fou...
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Hypodontia

Hypodontia, also known as oligodontia or adontia, refers to the developmental failure of one or more teeth, excluding the third molars. Terminology The phenomenon of non-development of teeth has been described using several terms including 'hypodontia', 'oligodontia' and 'adontia'. The descrip...
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Upper lobe bronchiectasis

Distribution of bronchiectasis can help in narrowing the differential diagnosis. Upper lobe bronchiectasis is typically seen in: cystic fibrosis tuberculosis Rarely it may be seen with non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection (e.g. MAC infection 2). Traction bronchiectasis in the upper lobes c...
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Cerebellar bottom-of-fissure dysplasia

Cerebellar bottom-of-fissure dysplasia is a rare grey matter dysplasia occurring in cerebellar hemispheres. Terminology Cerebellar bottom-of-fissure dysplasia is so named because it exclusively involves the cerebellar grey matter at the depths of the cerebellar fissures. Epidemiology To date...
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Bracket sign (disambiguation)

A bracket sign has been named in multiple contexts: bracket sign in CT brain of calcification in tubulonodular pericallosal lipoma bracket sign in MRI brain of of the superior most extent of the pars marginalis of the cingulate sulcus
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Radial bands sign (tuberous sclerosis)

The radial bands sign, also known as radial migration bands, refers to linear bands seen on MRI, radiating from the periventricular white matter to the subcortical region, thought to be specific for tuberous sclerosis 1,2. Pathology The exact pathogenesis of radial bands is uncertain, but they...
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Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (historical)

Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a legacy term not recommended in the most recent guidelines (c. 2020) 12. In chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, there is radiological evidence of fibrosis which represents the end-stage of repeated or persistent pneumonitis 7. Most of the manifestations...
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Lymphomatoid granulomatosis

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, also known as angiocentric lymphoma or angiocentric immunoproliferative lesion, is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.  Pathology There is a recognized association with antecedent infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (...
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Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (pulmonary manifestations)

Pulmonary manifestations of lymphomatoid granulomatosis are important since the lung is one of the most frequent sites of involvement in lymphomatoid granulomatosis. It falls under the group of pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis. Pathology Some consider the condition to be midway between ov...
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Medical abbreviations and acronyms (L)

This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter L and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order). A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
Article

Medical abbreviations and acronyms (R)

This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter R and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order). A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
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Iliohypogastric nerve

The iliohypogastric nerve arises from the anterior ramus of the L1 nerve root of the lumbar plexus along with the ilioinguinal nerve. It is a sensory nerve that provides lateral and anterior cutaneous branches supplying the posterolateral gluteal skin and skin in the pubic region. Gross anatomy...
Article

Pituitary stone

Pituitary stones, also known as pituitary lithiases or pituitary calculi, are very rare types of brain stones characterized by extensive calcification in the sella turcica. Terminology Throughout the literature, there is contention and inconsistency regarding what pituitary stones actually are...
Article

Neurosyphilis

Neurosyphilis results from infection of the central nervous system by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, subspecies pallidum. The disease has a heterogeneous spectrum of early and late manifestations. For a general discussion, and for links to other system-specific manifestations, please refer ...
Article

Gluteus medius muscle

The gluteus medius muscle and gluteus minimus muscle are two muscles of the more superficial group in the gluteal region. Summary origin: gluteal surface of the ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal line, gluteal aponeurosis, and posteroinferior iliac crest 1-3 insertion: superopos...
Article

Kyphosis

Kyphosis (plural: kyphoses), much less commonly kyphus, is a term used to describe the sagittal curvature of the thoracic spine. Hyperkyphosis is when the kyphosis angle is above the normal range 5,7. Pathology Kyphosis increases with age, with a kyphosis angle of ~25° (range 20-29°) in adoles...
Article

Gluteal muscles

The superficial gluteal muscles lie within the gluteal region posterolateral to the bony pelvis and proximal femur. From superficial to deep lie the gluteus maximus, medius and minimus. The gluteus maximus is an important muscle for hip extension and lateral rotation. Gluteus medius and minimus ...
Article

Subacromial impingement

Subacromial impingement is the most common form of shoulder impingement and occurs secondary to attrition between the coracoacromial arch and the underlying supraspinatus tendon or subacromial bursa, leading to tendinopathy and bursitis respectively. Pathology Etiology acromial shape os acro...
Article

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, also known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN), refers to a heterogeneous group of inherited peripheral neuropathies rather than a single clinical entity 9. Epidemiology The prevalence of CMT in one Norwegian study was 82.3 cases per 100,000 peo...
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Saccular cerebral aneurysm

Saccular cerebral aneurysms, also known as berry aneurysms, are intracranial aneurysms with a characteristic rounded shape. They account for the vast majority of intracranial aneurysms and are the most common cause of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Terminology Those larger than 25 mm i...

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