Articles

Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.

16,834 results found
Article

Coronary stent thrombosis

Coronary stent thrombosis or scaffold thrombosis refers to an acute thrombus or occlusion in a coronary segment previously treated with a coronary stent or scaffold. It is a severe complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and a major adverse cardiovascular event. Epidemiology C...
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Percutaneous lung tumor ablation

Percutaneous lung tumor ablation techniques are an alternative to surgery or stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for the treatment of certain malignancies. They have specific indications and contraindications, but are mostly limited to small oligonodular and favourably located lesions.  They ...
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Catamenial pneumothorax

Catamenial pneumothorax occurs in women of child-bearing age and, by definition occurs within 72 hours before or after the onset of menstruation. Pneumothorax may be recurrent and there may be a history of pelvic endometriosis. Around 90% occur on the right. Epidemiology Of 229 (consecutive) w...
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Stellate ganglion block

The stellate ganglion block describes blockade of the cervicothoracic sympathetic chain which provides post-ganglionic sympathetic efferents to the head, neck and upper extremities. Neural blockade is typically achieved by deposition of local anesthetic between the prevertebral fascia and longus...
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Osteogenesis imperfecta classification

Several forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) have been classified, representing a wide variation in appearance and severity, and clinical features vary widely not only between types but within types. Classification Osteogenesis imperfecta was initially classified by type according to a scheme...
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Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL)

Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is a systemic genetic disorder affecting the cerebral small vessels, spine and hair follicles. CARASIL is an HTRA1-related cerebral small vessel disease, and thus is closely related to, but dis...
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Subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane

The subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane (SLYM) is a fourth meningeal layer which compartmentalises the subarachnoid space into two functional compartments. Gross anatomy The subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane is only a few cells thin layer, which renders it invisible using current clinical ...
Article

Infectious mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis (also known as glandular fever) is the term for infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The infection classically occurs in teenagers and young adults, hence its popular name kissing disease. It is usually a clinical diagnosis, with confirmation by serum testing, but ma...
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Ménière disease

Ménière disease (or idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops) is an inner ear disorder and as such can affect balance and hearing. Clinical presentation One or both ears can be affected. The chief symptoms are: episodic vertigo sensorineural hearing loss tinnitus a sensation of fullness in the ear...
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Rotterdam CT score of traumatic brain injury

The Rotterdam CT score of traumatic brain injury is a classification aimed at improving prognostic evaluation of patients admitted with moderate or severe traumatic brain injuries.  It was published in 2006 1 and is gaining in popularity. Along with the Marshall classification system, at the ti...
Article

Positron emission tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a modern non-invasive imaging technique for quantification of radioactivity in vivo. It involves the intravenous injection of a positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical, waiting to allow for systemic distribution, and then scanning for detection and quantificat...
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Vertebrovenous fistula

Vertebrovenous fistulas are uncommon arteriovenous fistulas between the vertebral artery and the adjacent vertebral venous plexus 1. They can present with a variety of symptoms, including bruits and neurological symptoms and occur either spontaneously, typically in patients with connective tissu...
Article

Granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease

Granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GL-ILD) describes non-infectious diffuse lung disease complications that have been reported to traditionally develop in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Epidemiology Associations Although it is almost always associated...
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Atlas of Normal Roentgen Variants That May Simulate Disease

The Atlas of Normal Roentgen Variants That May Simulate Disease is a classic radiology text that was first published in 1973, and is now in its ninth edition (2012) 1,3. The first - and all subsequent - editions, were written by an American radiologist Theodore Eliot Keats (1924-2010) who died d...
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Generalized lymphatic anomaly

Generalized lymphatic anomaly, previously known as lymphangiomatosis or cystic angiomatosis, is a systemic condition characterized by multifocal lymphatic malformations with systemic distribution. The distribution of lesions is variable; there can be cutaneous, thoracic and abdominal viscera and...
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Pumice stone sign

The pumice stone sign describes the distinctive imaging appearance of emphysematous osteomyelitis on CT described as clusters of greater than 3 distinct foci of intramedullary gas with irregularly irregular sizes ranging between 2 and 5 mm with resemblance to surface appearance of pumice stone. ...
Article

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein​ antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) represents a group of inflammatory demyelinating disorders united by the presence of IgG antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). It is becoming increasingly evident that MOGAD represents a distinct clinical...
Article

Diabetic mastopathy

Diabetic mastopathy is a condition characterized by the presence of a benign tumor like breast masses in women with long-standing type 1 or type 2 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The condition has also been reported in men. Clinical presentation Diabetic mastopathy manifests clinically as...
Article

Pneumonia

The term pneumonia is most commonly used to mean acute infection of the lung parenchyma. Sometimes chronic infections are included. Terminology the term consolidation is often erroneously misinterpreted as a synonym for pneumonia recently, some interstitial lung diseases have been classified ...
Article

Ischemic cardiomyopathy

Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) refers to significant systolic dysfunction with a moderate to severely impaired left ventricular ejection fraction as a consequence of myocardial ischemia and/or myocardial infarction. The condition is not listed or classified as cardiomyopathy in the position state...

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