Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,823 results found
Article
Normal gastrointestinal tract imaging examples
This article lists examples of normal imaging of the gastrointestinal tract and surrounding structures, divided by modality.
Plain radiograph
abdominal film
example 1
example 2: erect and supine
example 3: pediatric
example 4: pediatric
example 5: young adult male
Barium studies
barium ...
Article
Broad ligament leiomyoma
Broad ligament leiomyomas are extra-uterine leiomyomas that occur in relation to the broad ligament.
Terminology
Broad ligament leiomyomas are also referred to as a type of parasitic leiomyomas 5.
Clinical presentation
While in most cases broad ligament leiomyomas are asymptomatic, patients...
Article
Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI
Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-MRI) is an advanced imaging technique that combines anatomical and functional MRI sequences to provide a comprehensive assessment of the whole-body in a single examination.
WB-MRI uses the properties of diffusion-weighted imaging for oncological disease sta...
Article
Gluteal muscles
The superficial gluteal muscles lie within the gluteal region posterolateral to the bony pelvis and proximal femur. From superficial to deep lie the gluteus maximus, medius and minimus. The gluteus maximus is an important muscle for hip extension and lateral rotation. Gluteus medius and minimus ...
Article
Gluteus medius muscle
The gluteus medius muscle and gluteus minimus muscle are two muscles of the more superficial group in the gluteal region.
Summary
origin: gluteal surface of the ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal line, gluteal aponeurosis, and posteroinferior iliac crest 1-3
insertion: superopos...
Article
Blur
Blurring, or unsharpness, refers to the distortion of the definition of objects in an image, resulting in poor spatial resolution.
Types of blur
geometric blur
in terms of X-ray based imaging, reducing focal spot size, reducing the distance from patient to receptor (termed object to image d...
Article
Tornwaldt cyst
Tornwaldt cysts (also spelled as Thornwaldt cyst or Thornwald cyst) are common incidental benign midline nasopharyngeal mucosal cysts. A symptomatic cyst is also called Tornwaldt disease 7,8.
Epidemiology
Tornwaldt cysts are developmental and usually asymptomatic. In most cases they are found ...
Article
Spinal dura mater
The spinal dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges that surround the spinal cord.
Gross Anatomy
The spinal dura mater is a fibrous, non-adherent, tough layer surrounding the spinal cord. Unlike the intracranial dura mater, it only has a single layer which is continuous with the inner...
Article
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) (historically also known as hypernephroma or Grawitz tumor) are primary malignant adenocarcinomas derived from the renal tubular epithelium and are the most common malignant renal tumor. They usually occur in 50-70-year old patients and macroscopic hematuria occurs in...
Article
Neck of femur fracture
Neck of femur (NOF) fractures, or femoral neck fractures, are common injuries sustained by older patients who are more likely to have both unsteadiness of gait and reduced bone mineral density, predisposing to fracture. Elderly osteoporotic women are at greatest risk.
Epidemiology
The incidenc...
Article
Pancreatic pseudocyst
Pancreatic pseudocysts are common sequelae of acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis, and the most common cystic lesion of the pancreas. They are important both in terms of management and differentiation from other cystic processes or masses in this region.
Terminology
The following are th...
Article
Acute necrotic collection
Acute necrotic collections (ANCs) are an early, local complication of necrotizing pancreatitis.
Terminology
The following are the latest terms according to the updated Atlanta classification to describe fluid collections associated with acute pancreatitis 1,2:
fluid collections in interstitia...
Article
Continuous X-ray spectrum
The continuous X-ray spectrum refers the range of photon energies produced in an X-ray tube due to the properties of Bremsstrahlung radiation.
The energy of X-ray photons can take a value from zero to the maximum kinetic energy of the incident electrons.
Both the continuous X-ray spectrum and ...
Article
Trigeminal schwannoma
Trigeminal schwannomas are uncommon slow-growing encapsulated tumors composed of schwann cells. They are the second most common intracranial schwannoma, far less common than vestibular schwannoma, and has a predominantly benign growth.
Epidemiology
Patients usually present in middle age, typ...
Article
Esophageal stricture
Esophageal stricture refers to any persistent intrinsic narrowing of the esophagus.
Terminology
The term peptic stricture refers specifically to those benign esophageal strictures caused by chronic acid reflux, although some - incorrectly - use it more loosely to refer to any benign esophagea...
Article
Barium aspiration
Barium aspiration occurs occasionally during upper GI fluoroscopic studies using barium sulfate contrast, and usually only small amounts pass into the airways.
Clinical presentation
When only tiny quantities of barium pass into the airways (so-called microaspiration) the patient may remain asy...
Article
Light chain amyloidosis
Amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis or immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is a systemic amyloidosis and a plasma cell proliferative disorder characterized by deposition of misfolded monoclonal kappa or lambda light chains produced by clonal plasma cells 1-6.
Epidemiology
Amyloid light cha...
Article
Colovesical fistula
Colovesical fistulas are communications between the lumen of the colon and that of the bladder, either directly or via an intervening abscess cavity (foyer intermediaire). When the communication is between the rectum and urinary bladder, the term rectovesical fistula is used.
Epidemiology
The ...
Article
Pulmonary nodule
Pulmonary nodules are small, rounded opacities within the pulmonary interstitium. Pulmonary nodules are common and, as the spatial resolution of CT scanners has increased, detection of smaller and smaller nodules has occurred, which are more often an incidental finding.
Classification
Pulmonar...
Article
Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma, is a multifocal proliferation of plasma cells based in the bone marrow. It is the most common primary malignant bone neoplasm in adults. It arises from red marrow due to the monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells and manifests in a wide...