Articles

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16,823 results found
Article

Normal gastrointestinal tract imaging examples

This article lists examples of normal imaging of the gastrointestinal tract and surrounding structures, divided by modality. Plain radiograph abdominal film example 1 example 2: erect and supine example 3: pediatric example 4: pediatric example 5: young adult male Barium studies barium ...
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Broad ligament leiomyoma

Broad ligament leiomyomas are extra-uterine leiomyomas that occur in relation to the broad ligament.  Terminology Broad ligament leiomyomas are also referred to as a type of parasitic leiomyomas 5. Clinical presentation While in most cases broad ligament leiomyomas are asymptomatic, patients...
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Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI

Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-MRI) is an advanced imaging technique that combines anatomical and functional MRI sequences to provide a comprehensive assessment of the whole-body in a single examination. WB-MRI uses the properties of diffusion-weighted imaging for oncological disease sta...
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Gluteal muscles

The superficial gluteal muscles lie within the gluteal region posterolateral to the bony pelvis and proximal femur. From superficial to deep lie the gluteus maximus, medius and minimus. The gluteus maximus is an important muscle for hip extension and lateral rotation. Gluteus medius and minimus ...
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Gluteus medius muscle

The gluteus medius muscle and gluteus minimus muscle are two muscles of the more superficial group in the gluteal region. Summary origin: gluteal surface of the ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal line, gluteal aponeurosis, and posteroinferior iliac crest 1-3 insertion: superopos...
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Blur

Blurring, or unsharpness, refers to the distortion of the definition of objects in an image, resulting in poor spatial resolution.  Types of blur geometric blur  in terms of X-ray based imaging, reducing focal spot size, reducing the distance from patient to receptor (termed object to image d...
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Tornwaldt cyst

Tornwaldt cysts (also spelled as Thornwaldt cyst or Thornwald cyst) are common incidental benign midline nasopharyngeal mucosal cysts. A symptomatic cyst is also called Tornwaldt disease 7,8. Epidemiology Tornwaldt cysts are developmental and usually asymptomatic. In most cases they are found ...
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Spinal dura mater

The spinal dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges that surround the spinal cord. Gross Anatomy The spinal dura mater is a fibrous, non-adherent, tough layer surrounding the spinal cord. Unlike the intracranial dura mater, it only has a single layer which is continuous with the inner...
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Renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) (historically also known as hypernephroma or Grawitz tumor) are primary malignant adenocarcinomas derived from the renal tubular epithelium and are the most common malignant renal tumor. They usually occur in 50-70-year old patients and macroscopic hematuria occurs in...
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Neck of femur fracture

Neck of femur (NOF) fractures, or femoral neck fractures, are common injuries sustained by older patients who are more likely to have both unsteadiness of gait and reduced bone mineral density, predisposing to fracture. Elderly osteoporotic women are at greatest risk. Epidemiology The incidenc...
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Pancreatic pseudocyst

Pancreatic pseudocysts are common sequelae of acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis, and the most common cystic lesion of the pancreas. They are important both in terms of management and differentiation from other cystic processes or masses in this region. Terminology The following are th...
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Acute necrotic collection

Acute necrotic collections (ANCs) are an early, local complication of necrotizing pancreatitis. Terminology The following are the latest terms according to the updated Atlanta classification to describe fluid collections associated with acute pancreatitis 1,2: fluid collections in interstitia...
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Continuous X-ray spectrum

The continuous X-ray spectrum refers the range of photon energies produced in an X-ray tube due to the properties of Bremsstrahlung radiation. The energy of X-ray photons can take a value from zero to the maximum kinetic energy of the incident electrons. Both the continuous X-ray spectrum and ...
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Trigeminal schwannoma

Trigeminal schwannomas are uncommon slow-growing encapsulated tumors composed of schwann cells. They are the second most common intracranial schwannoma, far less common than vestibular schwannoma, and has a predominantly benign growth.  Epidemiology  Patients usually present in middle age, typ...
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Esophageal stricture

Esophageal stricture refers to any persistent intrinsic narrowing of the esophagus.  Terminology The term peptic stricture refers specifically to those benign esophageal strictures caused by chronic acid reflux, although some - incorrectly - use it more loosely to refer to any benign esophagea...
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Barium aspiration

Barium aspiration occurs occasionally during upper GI fluoroscopic studies using barium sulfate contrast, and usually only small amounts pass into the airways. Clinical presentation When only tiny quantities of barium pass into the airways (so-called microaspiration) the patient may remain asy...
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Light chain amyloidosis

Amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis or immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is a systemic amyloidosis and a plasma cell proliferative disorder characterized by deposition of misfolded monoclonal kappa or lambda light chains produced by clonal plasma cells 1-6. Epidemiology Amyloid light cha...
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Colovesical fistula

Colovesical fistulas are communications between the lumen of the colon and that of the bladder, either directly or via an intervening abscess cavity (foyer intermediaire). When the communication is between the rectum and urinary bladder, the term rectovesical fistula is used. Epidemiology The ...
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Pulmonary nodule

Pulmonary nodules are small, rounded opacities within the pulmonary interstitium. Pulmonary nodules are common and, as the spatial resolution of CT scanners has increased, detection of smaller and smaller nodules has occurred, which are more often an incidental finding. Classification Pulmonar...
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Multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma, is a multifocal proliferation of plasma cells based in the bone marrow. It is the most common primary malignant bone neoplasm in adults. It arises from red marrow due to the monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells and manifests in a wide...

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