Articles

Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.

16,834 results found
Article

Pneumonia

The term pneumonia is most commonly used to mean acute infection of the lung parenchyma. Sometimes chronic infections are included. Terminology the term consolidation is often erroneously misinterpreted as a synonym for pneumonia recently, some interstitial lung diseases have been classified ...
Article

Periventricular leukomalacia

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), or white matter injury of prematurity affecting the periventricular zones, typically results in cavitation and periventricular cyst formation.  It is important to note that both periventricular and subcortical leukomalacia correspond to a continuous disease s...
Article

Grades of periventricular leukomalacia

One of the methods used for grading periventricular leukomalacia on sonographic appearance is as follows 1: grade 1: areas of increased periventricular echogenicity without any cyst formation persisting for more than 7 days grade 2: the echogenicity has developed into small periventricular cys...
Article

Orbital lymphoma

Primary lymphoma of the orbit is one of the most common orbital tumors and accounts for as much as half of all orbital malignancies. It is a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and in most cases arises from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Epidemiology Orbital lymphomas account for only 2% o...
Article

Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that is characterized by a predisposition to having epileptic seizures and can take many clinical forms and have a veritable Augean stable of etiologies. Epilepsy is defined by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) as 1: at least two or mor...
Article

Ovarian follicular cyst

An ovarian follicular cyst is type of simple physiological ovarian cyst. Terminology The terms "ovarian cyst" and "ovarian follicular cyst" are often used interchangeably. These two terms describe lesions >3 cm, and it is important to differentiate them from an "ovarian follicle" which is <3 c...
Article

Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant

Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant tumors are WHO CNS grade 2, 3 or 4 tumors of the brain found in adults. They are diffuse infiltrating astrocytic tumors where there is no identifiable border between the tumor and normal brain tissue, even though the borders may appear relatively well-marginated on imagin...
Article

Diabetic mastopathy

Diabetic mastopathy is a condition characterized by the presence of a benign tumor like breast masses in women with long-standing type 1 or type 2 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The condition has also been reported in men. Clinical presentation Diabetic mastopathy manifests clinically as...
Article

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein​ antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) represents a group of inflammatory demyelinating disorders united by the presence of IgG antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). It is becoming increasingly evident that MOGAD represents a distinct clinical...
Article

Pumice stone sign

The pumice stone sign describes the distinctive imaging appearance of emphysematous osteomyelitis on CT described as clusters of greater than 3 distinct foci of intramedullary gas with irregularly irregular sizes ranging between 2 and 5 mm with resemblance to surface appearance of pumice stone. ...
Article

Generalized lymphatic anomaly

Generalized lymphatic anomaly, previously known as lymphangiomatosis or cystic angiomatosis, is a systemic condition characterized by multifocal lymphatic malformations with systemic distribution. The distribution of lesions is variable; there can be cutaneous, thoracic and abdominal viscera and...
Article

Atlas of Normal Roentgen Variants That May Simulate Disease

The Atlas of Normal Roentgen Variants That May Simulate Disease is a classic radiology text that was first published in 1973, and is now in its ninth edition (2012) 1,3. The first - and all subsequent - editions, were written by an American radiologist Theodore Eliot Keats (1924-2010) who died d...
Article

Granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease

Granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GL-ILD) describes non-infectious diffuse lung disease complications that have been reported to traditionally develop in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Epidemiology Associations Although it is almost always associated...
Article

Vertebrovenous fistula

Vertebrovenous fistulas are uncommon arteriovenous fistulas between the vertebral artery and the adjacent vertebral venous plexus 1. They can present with a variety of symptoms, including bruits and neurological symptoms and occur either spontaneously, typically in patients with connective tissu...
Article

Ischemic cardiomyopathy

Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) refers to significant systolic dysfunction with a moderate to severely impaired left ventricular ejection fraction as a consequence of myocardial ischemia and/or myocardial infarction. The condition is not listed or classified as cardiomyopathy in the position state...
Article

Positron emission tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a modern non-invasive imaging technique for quantification of radioactivity in vivo. It involves the intravenous injection of a positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical, waiting to allow for systemic distribution, and then scanning for detection and quantificat...
Article

Rotterdam CT score of traumatic brain injury

The Rotterdam CT score of traumatic brain injury is a classification aimed at improving prognostic evaluation of patients admitted with moderate or severe traumatic brain injuries.  It was published in 2006 1 and is gaining in popularity. Along with the Marshall classification system, at the ti...
Article

Ménière disease

Ménière disease (or idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops) is an inner ear disorder and as such can affect balance and hearing. Clinical presentation One or both ears can be affected. The chief symptoms are: episodic vertigo sensorineural hearing loss tinnitus a sensation of fullness in the ear...
Article

Infectious mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis (also known as glandular fever) is the term for infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The infection classically occurs in teenagers and young adults, hence its popular name kissing disease. It is usually a clinical diagnosis, with confirmation by serum testing, but ma...
Article

Subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane

The subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane (SLYM) is a fourth meningeal layer which compartmentalises the subarachnoid space into two functional compartments. Gross anatomy The subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane is only a few cells thin layer, which renders it invisible using current clinical ...

Updating… Please wait.

 Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.

 Thank you for updating your details.