Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,833 results found
Article
Renal trauma
Renal trauma can result from direct, blunt, penetrating, and iatrogenic injury.
Epidemiology
Renal injuries account for ~10% of abdominal trauma, and thus the demographic of affected individuals reflect that population. The incidence of renal injuries increases in pre-existing congenital or ac...
Article
Cecal volvulus
Cecal volvulus describes torsion of the cecum around its mesentery which often results in obstruction. If unrecognised, it can result in bowel perforation and fecal peritonitis.
Epidemiology
Cecal volvulus accounts for ~10% of all intestinal volvuluses, and generally occur in somewhat younger ...
Article
Osmotic demyelination syndrome
Osmotic demyelination syndrome refers to acute demyelination seen in the setting of osmotic changes, typically with the rapid correction of hyponatremia. It is the preferred term replacing central pontine myelinolysis, recognizing that extrapontine structures can also be affected, previously kno...
Article
Hypothalamic hamartoma
Hypothalamic hamartomas, also known as tuber cinereum hamartomas, are benign non-neoplastic heterotopias in the brain that typically occur in the region of the hypothalamus, arising from the tuber cinereum, a part of the hypothalamus located between the mammillary bodies and the optic chiasm.
E...
Article
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), also known as hyperandrogenic anovulation, is a chronic anovulation syndrome associated with androgen excess.
The Rotterdam criteria is used to make the diagnosis of PCOS and require any two of the following three criteria for the diagnosis, as well as the e...
Article
Neurobrucellosis
Neurobrucellosis refers to central nervous system involvement by brucellosis and occurs secondary to ingestion or contact with gram-negative, facultative intracellular coccobacilli of the Brucella species. Up to 10% of infections are complicated by neurological involvement 1.
The remainder of ...
Article
Demyelinating disorders
Demyelinating disorders are a subgroup of white matter disorders characterized by the destruction or damage of normally myelinated structures. These disorders may be inflammatory, infective, ischemic or toxic in origin and include 1-7:
autoimmune demyelination
multiple sclerosis (MS)
Marburg ...
Article
Describing recency
Describing when medical information was generated (e.g. new evidence, discoveries, etc.) is commonplace, and often essential, within articles.
When providing these descriptions, the preference is to avoid use of 'recent', variations thereof (e.g. 'recently'), and synonyms thereof (e.g. 'new', '...
Article
Polycystic ovaries
Polycystic ovaries (PCO) or polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) is an imaging descriptor of a particular type of change in ovarian morphology. A proportion of women with polycystic ovaries will have the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which in turn requires additional clinical, as well as b...
Article
West Point classification of humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament
The West Point classification of humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) was created to describe avulsion injuries of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL).
Classification
This classification has six types of lesions divided into two categories based on anterior or posterior i...
Article
Split pleura sign (empyema)
The split pleura sign is seen with pleural empyemas and is considered the most reliable CT sign helping to distinguish an empyema from a peripheral pulmonary abscess (see empyema vs pulmonary abscess) 1,2.
The sign results from fibrin coating both the parietal and visceral surfaces of the pleu...
Article
Mycetoma (lung)
A pulmonary mycetoma, also known as a fungus ball, is due to colonization of a pre-existing cavity by a fungus, usually a species of Aspergillus, in which case it is termed an aspergilloma 1.
Terminology
Pulmonary mycetoma is unrelated to soft-tissue mycetoma, also known as Madura foot. The la...
Article
Carotid web
Carotid webs, also known as carotid intimal variant fibromuscular dysplasia, are rare vascular pathologies of the internal carotid artery that are an important cause of cryptogenic and recurrent ischemic stroke.
Terminology
Carotid webs have had many different names in the literature, includin...
Article
Ischemic penumbra
Ischemic penumbra denotes the part of an acute ischemic stroke that is at risk of progressing to infarction but is still salvageable if reperfused. It is usually located around an infarct core which represents the tissue which has already infarcted or is going to infarct regardless of reperfusio...
Article
Angioplasty
Angioplasty, also called balloon angioplasty or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), is a minimally invasive interventional procedure in which an inflatable balloon-tipped catheter is introduced through the skin into the vascular lumen to open a stenotic segment of the vessel. Angioplast...
Article
Myxoid glioneuronal tumor
Myxoid glioneuronal tumor is a rare and low-grade tumor (WHO grade 1) that usually involve the septum pellucidum, corpus callosum, subcallosal area, periventricular white matter and septal nuclei 1.
Terminology
The histologic features of this tumor are similar to dysembryoplastic neuroepithel...
Article
Extensor compartments of the wrist
The forearm extensor tendonspass under the extensor retinaculum at the level of the wrist. The ligament is divided into six extensor compartments, separated by fibrous septa passing to the bones of the forearm 2.
Summary
The compartments in order from radial to ulnar are:
1st compartment:
ab...
Article
Carpal tunnel
The carpal tunnel is a fibro-osseous canal in the anterior (volar) wrist that acts as a passageway for structures between the anterior forearm and the hand.
Gross anatomy
Boundaries
superficial border (roof): flexor retinaculum
deep border (floor): carpal groove (formed by palmar aspect of c...
Article
Finger pulley injury
Finger pulley injuries can occur at any one of the five flexor tendon pulleys of the fingers, but most commonly affects the A2 pulley.
Clinical presentation
These are overwhelmingly the result of a discrete trauma occurring with the hand in a finger grip position. They are most frequently see...
Article
Normal upper limb imaging examples
This page lists examples of normal imaging of the upper limb, divided by region and modality.
Shoulder girdle
plain radiograph
sternoclavicular joint: example
clavicle: example, example 2, example 3
bilateral clavicle: example 1
acromioclavicular joint
example 1
example 2
shoulder
exam...