Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,825 results found
Article
Vertebra
The vertebra (plural: vertebrae) is the fundamental segmental unit of the vertebral column (also known as the spine).
Gross anatomy
Vertebrae, apart from those that are atypical, have a similar basic structure which can be described as an anterior vertebral body and a posterior neural (or vert...
Article
EULAR-OMERACT ultrasound scoring system for synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
The EULAR-OMERACT ultrasound scoring system for synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a standardized method for assessing synovial inflammation using ultrasound imaging. This scoring system was developed collaboratively by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the Outcome Measu...
Article
Para-articular chondroma
Para-articular chondromas, also known as intracapsular chondromas, are one of the three variants of extraskeletal chondromas, the other two being synovial chondromatosis and soft tissue chondroma. These tumors arise from chondroid metaplasia of the joint capsule 1.
Epidemiology
These tumors ar...
Article
Rim rent tear of rotator cuff
A rim rent tear of the rotator cuff, also known as partial articular surface tendon avulsion, is a specific subtype of partial-thickness rotator cuff tear that involves the articular surface footprint at the site of tendon attachment into the greater tubercle of the humerus 2.
Such small tears...
Article
Usual ductal hyperplasia
Usual ductal hyperplasia, also known as epithelial hyperplasia, is a benign proliferation of normal cells in breast ducts and lobules.
Epidemiology
The mean age of patients with epithelial hyperplasia is 54 years 1.
Clinical presentation
Epithelial hyperplasia is usually asymptomatic and fou...
Article
Cerebellar bottom-of-fissure dysplasia
Cerebellar bottom-of-fissure dysplasia is a rare grey matter dysplasia occurring in cerebellar hemispheres.
Terminology
Cerebellar bottom-of-fissure dysplasia is so named because it exclusively involves the cerebellar grey matter at the depths of the cerebellar fissures.
Epidemiology
To date...
Article
Rhodium (Rh)
Rhodium (chemical symbol, Rh) is a precious metal of atomic number 45 and atomic weight 102.90549 1. It belongs to Groups 8-10 and Periods 5 and 6 of the periodic table 1.
Use in medical imaging
Rhodium is important in medical imaging primarily for its use as a target (anode) and/or filter in ...
Article
Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (historical)
Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a legacy term not recommended in the most recent guidelines (c. 2020) 12. In chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, there is radiological evidence of fibrosis which represents the end-stage of repeated or persistent pneumonitis 7. Most of the manifestations...
Article
Hypodontia
Hypodontia, also known as oligodontia or adontia, refers to the developmental failure of one or more teeth, excluding the third molars.
Terminology
The phenomenon of non-development of teeth has been described using several terms including 'hypodontia', 'oligodontia' and 'adontia'. The descrip...
Article
Upper lobe bronchiectasis
Distribution of bronchiectasis can help in narrowing the differential diagnosis. Upper lobe bronchiectasis is typically seen in:
cystic fibrosis
tuberculosis
Rarely it may be seen with non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection (e.g. MAC infection 2). Traction bronchiectasis in the upper lobes c...
Article
Bracket sign (disambiguation)
A bracket sign has been named in multiple contexts:
bracket sign in CT brain of calcification in tubulonodular pericallosal lipoma
bracket sign in MRI brain of of the superior most extent of the pars marginalis of the cingulate sulcus
Article
Radial bands sign (tuberous sclerosis)
The radial bands sign, also known as radial migration bands, refers to linear bands seen on MRI, radiating from the periventricular white matter to the subcortical region, thought to be specific for tuberous sclerosis 1,2.
Pathology
The exact pathogenesis of radial bands is uncertain, but they...
Article
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, also known as angiocentric lymphoma or angiocentric immunoproliferative lesion, is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Pathology
There is a recognized association with antecedent infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (...
Article
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (pulmonary manifestations)
Pulmonary manifestations of lymphomatoid granulomatosis are important since the lung is one of the most frequent sites of involvement in lymphomatoid granulomatosis. It falls under the group of pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis.
Pathology
Some consider the condition to be midway between ov...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (L)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter L and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (R)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter R and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
Article
Iliohypogastric nerve
The iliohypogastric nerve arises from the anterior ramus of the L1 nerve root of the lumbar plexus along with the ilioinguinal nerve. It is a sensory nerve that provides lateral and anterior cutaneous branches supplying the posterolateral gluteal skin and skin in the pubic region.
Gross anatomy...
Article
Pituitary stone
Pituitary stones, also known as pituitary lithiases or pituitary calculi, are very rare types of brain stones characterized by extensive calcification in the sella turcica.
Terminology
Throughout the literature, there is contention and inconsistency regarding what pituitary stones actually are...
Article
Neurosyphilis
Neurosyphilis results from infection of the central nervous system by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, subspecies pallidum. The disease has a heterogeneous spectrum of early and late manifestations.
For a general discussion, and for links to other system-specific manifestations, please refer ...
Article
Gluteus medius muscle
The gluteus medius muscle and gluteus minimus muscle are two muscles of the more superficial group in the gluteal region.
Summary
origin: gluteal surface of the ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal line, gluteal aponeurosis, and posteroinferior iliac crest 1-3
insertion: superopos...