The prevalence of the disease is around 30 million globally and 1-3% of the 30 million have involvement of bones and joints. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for almost all the cases of osteoarticular tuberculosis. Although atypical mycobacteria have been reported in lesions of the synovial sheath.

Osteoarticular tuberculosis can occur in the spine, hip, knee, foot, elbow, wrist, hand, shoulder and as diaphyseal foci. It has not been reported to affect mandible and temporomandibular joint. The major method of spread is hematogenous. The most common method of spread to the vertebral body is through Batson's prevertebral venous plexus.

This case was confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.