What are the risk factors for urinary tract infection?
1. Urinary obstruction 2. Vesicoureteral reflux 3. Pregnancy 4. Diabetes mellitus 5. Immunodeficiency 6. Instrumentation
What is the role of imaging in case of acute pyelonephritis?
A. Define underlying pathology: 1. Obstruction. 2. Reflux. 3. Calculus B. Rule out complications: 1. Abscess. 2. Emphysematous pyelonephritis 3. Determine presence of chronic changes such as scarring.
What are the types of acute pyelonephritis?
1. Focal type (lobar nephronia) 2. Diffuse type: more severe and extensive
Left renal enlargement, with patchy or striated nephrogram and cortical wedge-shaped areas of decreased density. There is a loss of normal corticomedullary differentiation with multiple peripheral and cortical abscesses. There is a thickening of the walls of the renal pelvis, calyces and proximal ureter with abnormal enhancement.
Excretory phase demonstrates streaky linear bands of alternating high and low attenuation.