1. Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)
· Age: 6m-3yrs
· Narrowing of glottis & subglottic airway
· Ballooning of hypophayrnx on lateral
· “Steepling” of upper airway on frontal
2. Acute epiglottitis
· Age: 3-6yrs
- Swollen/shortened epiglottis
· Distension of hypopharynx/pyriform sinuses with air
- Previously due to Hib -> but now group A strep due to vaccination
3. Retropharyngeal abscess
· Age: <2 yrs
· Prevertebral soft tissue swelling
· Gas/air fluid level
4. Angioedema
· Predominantly laryngeal oedema
· History -> allergic, anaphylactic
5. Foreign body
· Usually bronchial obstruction rather than upper airway
· Lateral decubitus to look for gas trapping
6. Choanal atresia
· Most common congenital nasal abnormality
· Can be uni/bilateral
7. Pyriform aperture stenosis
· Bony overgrowth of the medial nasal process of the maxilla
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