Items tagged “ankle”

30 results found
Article

Weber classification of ankle fractures

The Weber ankle fracture classification (or Danis-Weber classification) is a simple system for classification of lateral malleolar fractures, relating to the level of the fracture in relation to the ankle joint, specifically the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. It has a role in determining treat...
Article

Sinus tarsi syndrome

Sinus tarsi syndrome is the clinical syndrome of pain and tenderness of the lateral side of the hindfoot, between the ankle and the heel. Imaging often demonstrates the ligaments and soft tissues in the sinus tarsi are injured. Epidemiology Sinus tarsi syndrome has been described in dancers, v...
Article

Accessory peroneal muscles

Accessory peroneal muscles are a group of accessory muscles that can occur in the foot region as a normal variant in some individuals. The peroneal compartment is known as the lateral compartment of the leg. Peroneus quartus muscle Originally, several accessory muscles were distinguished in th...
Article

Anterior talofibular ligament injury

Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injury is the most common of the ligament injuries that can occur as part of the lateral ligament complex injuries 2. The injuries can comprise either soft tissue tears, avulsion fractures or both. Pathology Anterior talofibular ligament injuries typically ...
Article

Anterior talofibular ligament

The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is part of the lateral collateral ligament complex of the ankle. Its role is to stabilize the talus. It is also the weakest of the lateral collateral ankle ligaments.  Gross anatomy The ATFL is an intracapsular flat two-banded ligament that arises from ...
Article

Lateral collateral ligament of the ankle

The lateral collateral ligament (complex) of the ankle is a set of three ligaments that resist inversion of the ankle joint. They are more commonly injured than the medial collateral (deltoid) ligament of the ankle. They run from the lateral malleolus of the fibula to the talus and calcaneus.  ...
Article

Calcaneofibular ligament

The calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) is the middle ligament of the lateral collateral ligament complex of the ankle and stabilizes both the ankle and subtalar joints. Gross anatomy The CFL is an extracapsular round cord measuring 20-25 mm long x 6-8 mm width. Its origin is distal to the anterior...
Article

Posterior talofibular ligament

The posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) is one of three ligaments that compose the lateral collateral ligament complex of the ankle. When the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments are intact, it only has a secondary role in ankle joint stability and is also the least commonly inju...
Article

Trimalleolar fracture

Trimalleolar fractures refer to a three-part fracture of the ankle. The fractures involve the medial malleolus, the posterior aspect of the tibial plafond (referred to as the posterior malleolus) and the lateral malleolus. Having three parts, this is a more unstable fracture and may be associate...
Article

Boyd amputation

Boyd amputation refers to amputation at the level of the ankle with preservation of the calcaneus and heel pad and consequent fixation of the calcaneus to the tibia. It allows for complete weight bearing and provides both stabilization of the heel pad and suspension for a prosthesis.
Article

Retrocalcaneal bursitis

Retrocalcaneal bursitis refers to inflammation of the retrocalcaneal bursa, which lies between the anteroinferior calcaneal tendon and posterosuperior calcaneus. It forms part of Haglund syndrome.  Please, note that two bursae lie near the calcaneal tendon insertion: the retrocalcaneal bursa (b...
Article

Calcaneal tendon

The calcaneal tendon, commonly known as the Achilles tendon, is the strongest and largest tendon of the human body. It is also one of the commonest tendons to become injured due to its high biomechanical load but poor vascularity 2. Gross anatomy The calcaneal tendon forms by the merging of fi...
Article

Achilles tendinopathy

Achilles tendinopathy refers to a combination of pathological changes affecting the Achilles tendon usually due to overuse and excessive chronic stress upon the tendon. It can be seen both in athletes and non-athletes. It is hard to differentiate clinically from paratendinopathy (which is most c...
Article

Accessory anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

The accessory anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (accessory AITFL), also known as Bassett's ligament, is an anatomical variant present in many ankles. Pathological thickening of the accessory ligament is seen in the setting of inversion injury that causing the pain due to mild anterior inst...
Article

Perforating veins of the lower limb

The perforating veins of the lower limb (PV or “perforators”) are so called because they perforate the deep fascia of muscles, to connect the superficial venous systems of the lower extremity with the deep veins where they drain. There are numerous veins in variable arrangement, connection, size...
Article

Lateral ankle sprain

Lateral ankle sprains are defined as traumatic injury to the lateral ankle ligament complex due to an inversion injury or plantar flexion and adduction and are one of the most common injuries in sportive as well as recreational activities. Epidemiology Lateral ankle sprains are the most common...
Article

Calcaneofibular ligament injury

Calcaneofibular ligament injuries typically occur in conjunction with an anterior talofibular ligament injury within the scope of a lateral ankle sprain and are rarely found isolated. These injuries can comprise either ligament tears, avulsion fractures, or both. Epidemiology The calcaneofibul...
Article

Chronic ankle instability

Chronic ankle instability refers to an unstable ankle joint due to repetitive occasions of ankle instability with concomitant symptoms persisting for longer than one year after an initial ankle injury. Epidemiology Ankle injuries are common and not only in the context of sports injuries 1-4. T...
Article

Subtalar instability

Subtalar instability refers to an unstable talocalcaneal or subtalar joint and is difficult to diagnose. Epidemiology Subtalar instability occurs in patients with lateral ankle instability in up to 10-25% 1. Associations Clinical conditions associated with subtalar instability include the fo...
Article

Anterior calcaneal process fracture

Anterior calcaneal process fractures are often missed fractures of the calcaneus (up to 88% are not reported on radiographic examination of the ankle) 1 leading to non-union of bone fragments, unrecognised associated ligamentous injuries, and persistent ankle or foot pain. Epidemiology Anterio...

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