Items tagged “ankle”
30 results found
Article
Weber classification of ankle fractures
The Weber ankle fracture classification (or Danis-Weber classification) is a simple system for classification of lateral malleolar fractures, relating to the level of the fracture in relation to the ankle joint, specifically the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. It has a role in determining treat...
Article
Sinus tarsi syndrome
Sinus tarsi syndrome is the clinical syndrome of pain and tenderness of the lateral side of the hindfoot, between the ankle and the heel. Imaging often demonstrates the ligaments and soft tissues in the sinus tarsi are injured.
Epidemiology
Sinus tarsi syndrome has been described in dancers, v...
Article
Accessory peroneal muscles
Accessory peroneal muscles are a group of accessory muscles that can occur in the foot region as a normal variant in some individuals. The peroneal compartment is known as the lateral compartment of the leg.
Peroneus quartus muscle
Originally, several accessory muscles were distinguished in th...
Article
Anterior talofibular ligament injury
Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injury is the most common of the ligament injuries that can occur as part of the lateral ligament complex injuries 2. The injuries can comprise either soft tissue tears, avulsion fractures or both.
Pathology
Anterior talofibular ligament injuries typically ...
Article
Anterior talofibular ligament
The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is part of the lateral collateral ligament complex of the ankle. Its role is to stabilize the talus. It is also the weakest of the lateral collateral ankle ligaments.
Gross anatomy
The ATFL is an intracapsular flat two-banded ligament that arises from ...
Article
Lateral collateral ligament of the ankle
The lateral collateral ligament (complex) of the ankle is a set of three ligaments that resist inversion of the ankle joint. They are more commonly injured than the medial collateral (deltoid) ligament of the ankle. They run from the lateral malleolus of the fibula to the talus and calcaneus.
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Article
Calcaneofibular ligament
The calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) is the middle ligament of the lateral collateral ligament complex of the ankle and stabilizes both the ankle and subtalar joints.
Gross anatomy
The CFL is an extracapsular round cord measuring 20-25 mm long x 6-8 mm width. Its origin is distal to the anterior...
Article
Posterior talofibular ligament
The posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) is one of three ligaments that compose the lateral collateral ligament complex of the ankle. When the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments are intact, it only has a secondary role in ankle joint stability and is also the least commonly inju...
Article
Trimalleolar fracture
Trimalleolar fractures refer to a three-part fracture of the ankle. The fractures involve the medial malleolus, the posterior aspect of the tibial plafond (referred to as the posterior malleolus) and the lateral malleolus. Having three parts, this is a more unstable fracture and may be associate...
Article
Boyd amputation
Boyd amputation refers to amputation at the level of the ankle with preservation of the calcaneus and heel pad and consequent fixation of the calcaneus to the tibia. It allows for complete weight bearing and provides both stabilization of the heel pad and suspension for a prosthesis.
Article
Retrocalcaneal bursitis
Retrocalcaneal bursitis refers to inflammation of the retrocalcaneal bursa, which lies between the anteroinferior calcaneal tendon and posterosuperior calcaneus. It forms part of Haglund syndrome.
Please, note that two bursae lie near the calcaneal tendon insertion: the retrocalcaneal bursa (b...
Article
Calcaneal tendon
The calcaneal tendon, commonly known as the Achilles tendon, is the strongest and largest tendon of the human body. It is also one of the commonest tendons to become injured due to its high biomechanical load but poor vascularity 2.
Gross anatomy
The calcaneal tendon forms by the merging of fi...
Article
Achilles tendinopathy
Achilles tendinopathy refers to a combination of pathological changes affecting the Achilles tendon usually due to overuse and excessive chronic stress upon the tendon. It can be seen both in athletes and non-athletes. It is hard to differentiate clinically from paratendinopathy (which is most c...
Article
Accessory anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
The accessory anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (accessory AITFL), also known as Bassett's ligament, is an anatomical variant present in many ankles. Pathological thickening of the accessory ligament is seen in the setting of inversion injury that causing the pain due to mild anterior inst...
Article
Perforating veins of the lower limb
The perforating veins of the lower limb (PV or “perforators”) are so called because they perforate the deep fascia of muscles, to connect the superficial venous systems of the lower extremity with the deep veins where they drain. There are numerous veins in variable arrangement, connection, size...
Article
Lateral ankle sprain
Lateral ankle sprains are defined as traumatic injury to the lateral ankle ligament complex due to an inversion injury or plantar flexion and adduction and are one of the most common injuries in sportive as well as recreational activities.
Epidemiology
Lateral ankle sprains are the most common...
Article
Calcaneofibular ligament injury
Calcaneofibular ligament injuries typically occur in conjunction with an anterior talofibular ligament injury within the scope of a lateral ankle sprain and are rarely found isolated. These injuries can comprise either ligament tears, avulsion fractures, or both.
Epidemiology
The calcaneofibul...
Article
Chronic ankle instability
Chronic ankle instability refers to an unstable ankle joint due to repetitive occasions of ankle instability with concomitant symptoms persisting for longer than one year after an initial ankle injury.
Epidemiology
Ankle injuries are common and not only in the context of sports injuries 1-4. T...
Article
Subtalar instability
Subtalar instability refers to an unstable talocalcaneal or subtalar joint and is difficult to diagnose.
Epidemiology
Subtalar instability occurs in patients with lateral ankle instability in up to 10-25% 1.
Associations
Clinical conditions associated with subtalar instability include the fo...
Article
Anterior calcaneal process fracture
Anterior calcaneal process fractures are often missed fractures of the calcaneus (up to 88% are not reported on radiographic examination of the ankle) 1 leading to non-union of bone fragments, unrecognised associated ligamentous injuries, and persistent ankle or foot pain.
Epidemiology
Anterio...