Items tagged “biliary_tree”
9 results found
Article
Pneumobilia
Pneumobilia, also known as aerobilia, is the accumulation of gas in the biliary tree. It is important to distinguish pneumobilia from portal venous gas, the other type of branching hepatic gas. There are many causes of pneumobilia and clinical context is often important to distinguish between th...
Article
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an uncommon inflammatory condition that affects the biliary tree resulting in multiple strictures, liver damage, and eventually cirrhosis.
The diagnosis can be made when there are classical imaging features in the correct clinical context, and secondary c...
Article
Choledocholithiasis
Choledocholithiasis denotes the presence of gallstones within the bile ducts (including the common hepatic duct/common bile duct).
Epidemiology
Choledocholithiasis is relatively common, seen in up to 20% of patients undergoing cholecystectomy for gallstone-related complaints 2.
Clinical prese...
Article
Scleroderma (hepatobiliary manifestations)
Hepatobiliary manifestations of scleroderma are only present symptomatically in a minority of patients. Around 2.5% of patients with scleroderma develop clinically significant primary biliary cholangitis, however, antibody studies suggest that subclinical disease may be present in as many as 15%...
Article
Primary biliary cholangitis
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic progressive cholestatic liver disease that is the cause of 1-2% of deaths from cirrhosis and constitutes the third most common indication for liver transplantation in adults.
Terminology
The name of this disease was changed from primary biliary ci...
Article
Hemobilia
Hemobilia refers to the presence of blood in the biliary tree.
Clinical presentation
The classical Quincke triad, is seen with hemobilia in the context of hepatic arterial aneurysms, and consists of:
melena (i.e. upper gastrointestinal bleeding)
jaundice
abdominal pain
Pathology
Etiology
...
Article
Caroli disease
Caroli disease and Caroli syndrome are congenital disorders comprising of multifocal cystic dilatation of segmental intrahepatic bile ducts. However, some series show that extrahepatic duct involvement may exist. They are also classified as a type V choledochal cyst, according to the Todani clas...
Article
Sphincter of Oddi
The sphincter of Oddi (also known as the sphincter of ampulla or choledochal sphincter) is a complex of four smooth muscle sphincters within the duodenal wall. It surrounds, and helps fix to the duodenum, the duct of Wirsung, common bile duct and the ampulla of Vater 1,2.
When relaxed it allow...
Article
Spiral mucosal folds
The spiral mucosal folds, also known as the valves of Heister, are spirally arranged mucosal folds on the endoluminal surface of the cystic duct.
Although incompletely understood, they contain neurohormonally responsive muscle, and their unique shape is thought to support the patency of the cys...
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